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SI chap. 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Long-term memory | relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of memory system; includes knowledge, skills, and experiences |
| Memory | persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information |
| Encoding | the processing of information into the memory system |
| Storage | the retention of encoded information over time |
| Retrieval | the process of getting information out of memory |
| Sensory Memory | immediate, very brief recording of sensory information |
| Short-term memory | activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten. |
| Working memory | focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory |
| Automatic processing | unconscious encoding of incidental information |
| Effortful processing | encoding that requires attention and conscious effort |
| Rehearsal | the conscious repetition of information |
| Spacing effect | the tendency for distributed study to yield better long-term retention than through masssed study |
| visual encoding | the encoding of picture images |
| Acoustic encoding | the encoding of sound |
| Semantic encoding | the encoding of meaning |
| Imagery | mental pictures |
| Mnemonics | memory aids |
| Chunking | organized items into familiar units; often automatically |
| Iconic memory | a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second |
| Echoic memory | a momentary sensory memory of audition stimuli; words can be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds |
| long-term potentiation | an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation |
| Flashbulb memory | a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event |
| Amnesia | the loss of memory |
| Implicit memory | retention independent of conscious recollection; aka nondeclarative memory |
| Explicit memory | memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"; aka declarative memory |
| Hippocampus | helps process explicit memories for storage |
| Recall | a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test |
| Recognition | a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test |
| Relearning | a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time |
| Priming | the activation of particular associations in memory; often unconscious |
| Deja vu | the sense that "I've experienced this before." |
| Mood-congruent memory | the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood. |
| Proactive interference | the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information |
| Retroactive interference | the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information |
| Repression | the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories |
| Misinformation effect | incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event |
| Source amnesia | attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined |
Created by:
cfranci2
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