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Science- Oct 18 Test
Cell Theory, Structure and Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell membrane | flexible outer layer that seperates a cell from its environment - controls what enters and leaves the cell |
| mitochondrion | the powerhouse of the cell, where respiration takes place |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | has ribosomes that produce necessary proteins for the cell |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | acts as a pathway throughout the cytoplasm - lacks ribosomes |
| nucleus | headquarters or control center of the cell - contains chromosomes made of DNA |
| cytoplasm | gel-like material inside the cell - mostly water |
| vacuole | storage bubble that holds food, water and wastes - small in animal cells, large in plant cells |
| lysosome | suicide sacks - help dissolve harmful bacteria |
| centrioles | aid in cell division - animal cells only |
| cell wall | provide support and protection for a plant cell |
| chloroplast | contain chlorophyll - traps sunlight to make food - plant cells only |
| chromatin | thin strands floating directly on the nucleus. -gives insturctions for directing the cell's function. BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL |
| nucleus | cell's control center. -where ribosomes are made. BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL |
| cytoplasm | includes a gel-like fluid. -holds organelles. BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL |
| ribosomes | small,grain-like structure with no membrane -function as factories to produce protiens.(may be attached to the E.R., or they may float in cytoplasm. ANIMAL CELL |
| golgi bodies | group of flattened sacs and tubes -recieve materials from the E.R. and send them to other parts of the cell, they also release materials outside the cell. BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL |
| chlorophyll | a green pigment -captures light energy adn uses it to power the 2nd stage of photosynthesis. PLANT CELL |
| the foundation fo all living systems | cell |
| tissue | a group of similar CELLS working together to carry out a specific job (ex. brain cells make up brain tissue) |
| organ | group of similar TISSUES working together to carry out a specific job (ex. brain tissues make up a brain) |
| organ system | a group of ORGANS working together to carry out a specific job (ex. the brain and the spinal cord make up the nervous system) |
| organism | anything that can live by itself and has at least one cell |
| who built the compound microscope? | Robert Hooke |
| How do you handel a microscope? | you hold the arm with one hand and with the other hand you hold underneath the base |
| compound microscope | has two convex lenses,light passes through specimen and then through the two lenses. the first lens, near the specimen,magnifies the object. then second lens,near the eye,even further magnifies it. |
| electron microscope | uses a beam of electrons instead of light to produce a magnified image. |
| what is the difference between a compound and electron microscope? | compound-uses light electron-uses a beam of electrons, (can obtain pictures of extremely smal objects,much smaller than those that can be seen with a compound microscope (C.M.). the resolution is better than C.M. |
| 3 parts of the Cell theory | All living things are composed of cells,cells are the basic unit or structure and function in all living things,and all cells are produced from other cells. |
| 4 things that all cells have in common | cell membrane,cytoplasm,hereditary material (DNA),and organelles. |
| what are the 2 cell structure groups? | prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. |
| organelles found in a plant cell | endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.),nucleus,cytoplasm,ribosome,golgi body,mitochonfrion,cell membrane,vacuole,chloroplasts,and cell wall. |
| corganelles foumd in a animal cell | nucleus,E.R.,golgi body,cell membrane,vacuole,lyosomes,mitochondria,cytoplasm,and ribosomes. |
| organelles found in a bacteria cell | (simplest form of cell) flagella,cytoplasm,cell membrane,cell wall,ribosomes,and genetic material. |
| how is life organized from a single cell to an organism? | cells make up tissues,tissues make up organs,organs make up organ systems,organ systems make up organisms. |
| prokaryotic cell- | bacteria. A. Have NO nucleus B. Organelles have NO protective membranes C. Cell wall |
| eukaryotic cell- | all other cells. A. Have A nucleus B. organelles WITH protective membranes C. cell wall (only plants,mushrooms,and some protists |
| what are the 2 structure groups? | prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells |
| what part of the cell is responsible for breaking down and digesting things? | lysosomes |
| which of the following would you NOT find in a bacterial cell? | golgi apparatus |
| where are ribosomes usually located in animal and plant cells? | on the endoplasmic reticulum |
| what part of the cell serves to process, package and export proteins? | golgi apparatus |
Created by:
Avery Lamb
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