Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P I Chap 8
chapter 8
| Question | Answer | |
|---|---|---|
| Know what 2 bones compose the shoulder girdle | Composed of clavicle and scapula | |
| Wrist | Very general (ie: just know “carpals” instead of naming all 8) | |
| Know the number of the carpal bones | 8 carpal bones | |
| Know what is special about the metacarpal bone of the thumb | Thumb metacarpal forms most freely moveable joint with carpals, Makes them opposable which gives human hands great dexterity | |
| Know what bones make up the lower extremities | Again, very general: 1. Pelvic girdle- hip bone, femur. 2. Lower limbs- femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, phalanges | |
| Know location of the pelvic girdle | also called hip bones, located in the hips | |
| Know the bones that make up the pelvis (they are fused together) | illium (largest and uppermost of 3 bones), ischium (strongest and lowermost), pubis (most anteriorly placed). | |
| Explain the function of the pelvic outlet | Creates boundary of another plane called the pelvic outlet. Digestive and female reproductive tracts empties through this | |
| Define: symphysis pubis, Explain what happens to this feature of the pelvis during childbirth | Pelvis is rigid but joint between the pubic portions of each coxal bone – symphysis pubis – softens before delivery. | |
| Explain why the structure of the foot is so different than that of the hand | Similar to that of the hand – differences adapt it for supporting weight. Ex: greater solidity and more limited mobility of great toe than the thumb | |
| Know the 2 main arches of the foot And the subtypes of one of the main arches | Know the 2 main arches of the foot And the subtypes of one of the main arches= longitudinal arch and transverse arch. | |
| What is the condition called when ligaments and tendons in the foot that help hold the arches in place weaken | fallen arches or flatfeet | |
| Explain the skeletal differences in men and women, General and specific differences | General: size and weight – male being larger and heavier. Specific: shape of pelvic bones and cavity. | Male pelvis: deep and funnel-shaped with narrow subpubic angle (< 90º). Female pelvis: shallow, broad, and flaring subpubic angle (> 90º). Childbearing function is why this is necessary |
| Generally explain what skeletal changes occur over the life span | 1. Changes begin early in development: Determined by genetic factors, hormones, other control mechanisms. | |
| Skeletal changes. 2.Bone prior to puberty | Continues to grow until reaches adult size and proportion. | |
| Skeletal changes 3.Bone produced after puberty into early 30’s | Properly calcified and strong. More bone is made than resorbed during remodeling. Replaces younger weaker bone. | |
| Skeletal changes 4. As we age further, bone begin to decline | Can be slowed by proper nutrition and healthy lifestyle. Can’t be stopped. | |
| Skeletal changes 5. 30-40, spongy bone is affected firs | Osteoblasts are less metabolically active. Osteoclasts increase in number and activity. Lose bone density. Skeleton becomes weaker and more brittle. | |
| Skeletal changes 6. Loss of trabeculae in vertebra bodies causes decrease in height | We shrink as we age! Begins as early as 35. | |
| Define: fracture | Partial or complete break in continuity of a bone | |
| Describe what stress fractures | Occurs without any visible damage to bone or surrounding tissue, Most x-rays appear normal, Microscopic bone damage occurs, AKA hidden fractures, | |
| displaced or open fractures | Compound fracture, Broken bone breaks through tissue and skin, Osteomyelitis might develop, | |
| non-displaced or closed fractures | Simple fracture, Does not break skin, No immediate risk of bone infection, | |
| impacted fractures | Closed fracture, End of one broken bone driven into marrow cavity of another bone, | |
| complete fractures | Break across entire section of bone, and | |
| incomplete fractures | Partial break, Bone fragments are still joined | |
| longitudinal arch | Formed by placement of the tarsals and metatarsals. 1. Subtype: Medial longitudinal arch: Formed by the tarsals – calcaneus, talus, navicular, and cuneiforms – and the 1st 3 metatarsals (starting with great toe). | 2. Subtype: Lateral longitudinal arch-Formed by calcaneus and cuboid tarsals + 4th and 5th metatarsals. |
| transverse arch | Results from relative placement of the distal row of tarsals and the 5 metatarsals. | |
| Know what bones make up the upper extremities: The Appendicular Skeleton | 126 bones. Consists of anything that is not a part of the axial skeleton. Bones of the shoulder girdle. Upper part of the arm. Lower part of the arm (forearm). Wrist. Hand. humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, phalanges |
Created by:
organismalbiology
Popular Biology sets