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Organelle Function
Cell organelles' descriptions and functions.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Description: Plasma Membrane | Thin sheet Composed of lipid (fat) and protein |
| Function: Plasma Membrane | Platform for biochemical reactions Recognize outside stimuli Control transport of molecules in and out of cell |
| Description: Cell Wall | Thick net outside plasma membrane Rigid Composed of peptidoglycan, cellulose, chitin, etc |
| Function: Cell Wall | Limit size of cell Control cell growth |
| Description: Nucleoid | Contains nucleic acid (DNA) in center of cell |
| Function: Nucleoid | Contains information for cell functions (metabolism), growth of cell, reproduction |
| Description: Ribosome | Small, solid spheroids Nucleic acid (RNA) + protein |
| Function: Ribosome | Synthesis of proteins |
| Description: Nucleus | Spheroid One per cell (more = coenocytic) Surrounded by nuclear envelope (double membrane) |
| Function: Nucleus | Contains chromatin (DNA + protein) Contains nucleolus, which makes ribosomes Contains information for metabolism, growth, reproduction |
| Description: Mitochondrion | Spheroid Double membrane Christa (inner membrane folds) Matrix (liquid gel center) |
| Function: Mitochondrion | Directs energy transformation, metabolism |
| Description: Plastid | Double membrane Thylakoids Stroma |
| Function: Plastid | Chloroplast (green) - photosynthesis Leukoplast (white) - storage + many functions Chromoplast (colored) - carotenoid synthesis + storage Proplastid - become plastids |
| Description: Endoplasmic Reticulum | Interconnected flattened or tubular sacs; cisterna Closed membranes - lumen (inside space); separated from outside cytoplasm Formed from outbudding of nuclear envelope |
| Function: Endoplasmic Reticulum | Synthesis and packaging Rough E.R. - proteins Smooth E.R. - cell wall carbohydrates, glycogen (starch), glycoproteins, steroid hormones |
| Description: Golgi Apparatus (Plants - Dictyosome) | Dense complex of cisternae Several per cell |
| Function: Golgi Apparatus (Plants - Dictyosome) | Synthesis of carbohydrates on proteins (glycoproteins) Transport of proteins to different compartments of cell |
| Description: Vesicles | Small sacs Single membrane |
| Function: Vesicles | Storage, isolation (i.e. lysosome, peroxisome) Transport |
| Description: Vacuoles | Larger sacs Single membrane |
| Function: Vacuoles | Protists - storage + digestion (contractile vacuole = water pumping) Plants/fungi - storage for salts, sugars, red and blue pigments (flowers), wastes, poisons |
| Parts of the Cytoskeleton | Microtubules Microfilaments Intermediate filaments |
| Description: Microtubules | Stiff, helical rods of protein (tubulin) |
| Function: Microtubules | Structural support Support for movement (i.e. flagella) Motor proteins - kinesin toward (+) end - dynein toward (-) end |
| Description: Microfilaments | Flexible rods of protein (actin) |
| Function: Microfilaments | Structural support Amoeba - pseudopod Motor protein (myosin) - support for movement |
| Description: Intermediate Filaments | Stiff protein rods |
| Function: Intermediate Filaments | Hold organelles in place |
Created by:
starrydays
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