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A&P I Chap 7

Chap 7

QuestionAnswer
• Know the 2 divisions of the skeletal system, how many bones are in each division, and which bones are in each divisionDivisions of skeleton (2 main divisions 1. Axial skeleton 80 bones, Includes 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones. 2. Appendicular skeleton 126 bones, Form the appendages to the axial skeleton, Shoulder girdles, arms, wrists, and hands, and the hip, girdle
• Know how many bones make up the cranium made up of 28 irregular bones. Be able to list them- Consists of 2 major divisions 28 bones. 1.Cranium or brain case: 8 bones: frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and the ethmoid. 2. Face: 14 bones:2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic (malar), 2 nasal, the mandible, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae, and the vomer Associated bones 6 auditory ossicles Hyoid bone
o Know how many bones make up the face Face- 14 bones: 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic (malar), 2 nasal, the mandible, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae (turbinates), and the vomer
Define blowout fracture Usually can’t be seen on Xray, Raccoon eyes = classic sign of this injury, Caused by fracture-related hemorrhage into loose tissue surrounding the eyes
• Know anatomical features of fetal skull and why they exist Placement of cranial bones allow it to change shape during the birth process. After delivery, features permit differential growth and development of certain areas of skull during infancy and in years preceding skeletal maturity. Face at birth forms smalle
Know that the hyoid bone is the only bone that doesn’t articulate with any other bones Single bone in neck – part of axial skeleton, U-shape felt just about larynx (voice box) and below mandible, Suspended from styloid processes of temporal bones, Several muscles attach to this bone:
Know features of the vertebral column Forms longitudinal axis of the skeleton,Flexible because it is segmented.Joints between vertebrae permit forward, backward, and sideways movement. True “backbone” of body
Know how many bones are in the vertebral column total and in each section of the vertebra Consists of 24 vertebrae and the sacrum and coccyx,7 cervical vertebrae - make up skeletal framework of the neck. 12 thoracic vertebrae – located in posterior part of chest or thoracic region. 5 lumbar vertebrae – support small of back
Know the features of vertebra that are shared and those that are unique to only one or a few Sacrum: Single bone formed from fusion of 5 separate vertebrae. Coccyx: Single bone formed from the fusion of 4 or 5 vertebrae. All except for 5 cervical vertebra have flat, rounded body placed anterior and centrally, A sharp or blunt spinous process proj
Dens upward projection from the 2nd cervical vertebra makes for an axis for rotating the head. 7th vertebra has long, blunt spinous process. Each thoracic vertebra has articular facets for the ribs
Know the 3 parts of the sternum: Manubrium (upper handle part):Articulates with the clavicle and first rib. Body (middle blade part): Next 9 ribs join here directly or indirectly by costal cartilages. Xiphoid process: (blunt cartilaginous lower tip)
Know number of pairs of ribs 12 pairs
Know the number and difference between true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs True ribs:1st 7 ribs join a costal cartilage that attaches to sternum. Remaining 5 pairs false ribs: pairs 8, 9, and 10 attaches to the costal cartilage to the rib above it, indirectly attaching to the sternum. Last 2 pairs:floating ribs.they do not attach to the sternum.
Define: mastoiditis Inflammation of air spaces within the mastoid portion of temporal bone, These spaces do not drain like paranasal sinuses do, Infections in this space can accumulate and erode bone, Inflammation can spread to brain, Signs:Redness and swelling of external e
Define: lordosis Poor posture or disease can cause abnormal curvature of spine, “sway back” or lordosis, Could be due to injury or degenerative disease
kyphosis “hunchback”, Increase roundness of thoracic curvature, Seen in people with osteoporosis or chronic arthritis, Scheuermann disease- Causes kyphosis in children
scoliosis Abnormal side-to-side curvature, Can be idiopathic, Can be due to damage to supporting muscles of spine, Common condition, Appears early in life
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