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ESS Midterm 1
Aurora, Sunspots, Heliosphere, etc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atmosphere | gravitation around the Earth |
| Troposphere | extends from Earth's surface to top of highest cloud |
| Difference between Earth and space weather | solar energy |
| "helios" | sun |
| "litho" | stone |
| "hydro" | water |
| "bio" | life |
| "atmos" | vapors |
| plasma | gases of charged particles |
| What area of the sun can we see | photosphere |
| 3 Ways in which energy/heat can be transferred | conduction, convection, radiation |
| Conduction | transfer of heat in the absence of fluid flow |
| Convection | transfer of heat by fluid motion |
| Radiation (fusion) | transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves thru light |
| area of sun that is the top of the convective region | photosphere |
| Doppler shift | shift in frequency of a wave due to the relative motion of the sound emitter and observer (ambulance) |
| what happens in the radiative zone | gamma rays travel in every direction |
| What happens in the convection zone | the temp of sun cools from core to top of photosphere (the surface temps is so low H and He recombine to form neutral atoms) |
| Sun areas from middle to outer layer | core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona |
| Prominences (filament) | clouds of material suspended above the surface of Sun by loops of magnetic field (can erupt in a few min) |
| The Corona | during a lunar eclipse the moon blocks the image of the sun almost completely |
| Frozen in flux | when a magnetic field is embedded in a highly conductive flow of plasma |
| solar flare eruption | a sudden brightening of the sun (ex. carrington event) |
| Coronal Mass Ejections (CME) | blasts plasma particles off sun's atmosphere into space that eventually ends up hitting earth (electromagnetic radiation) |
| What causes a CME? | no one knows, but it starts with a prominence, and reconfiguration of the electromagnetic field |
| Which two heat transfers occur in the sun? | convection and radiation (fusion) |
| granules | pockets of gases (cooling down and circling back to sun) |
| Where does nuclear fusion occur? | in core of the sun |
| Heliosphere | area around sun |
| solar wind | charged particles and electromagnetic field (archimedean spiral) |
| Pressure Gradients | change in pressure with distance |
| Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) | part of the sun's magnetic field carried into space by solar winds |
| The sun rotates in a sidereal period of | 27 days |
| Coronal hole | black region at high altitude (N & S) where high speed solar winds come from |
| Coroatating interaction region (CIR) | intersection between slow and fast streams (can't see it) |
| CME's are also referred to as | magnetic clouds (can't see them) |
| What protects us from comic rays and shocks? | the Heliosphere |
| Comic rays | charged particles (bombard the Earth) |
| shocks | breaks sound barriers |
| Superior conjunction | when Earth is in the path of something else behind it in relation to the sun |
| Inferior conjunction | when the Earth is on opposite polar end of path of something and sun |
| Ionosphere | charged part of the upper atmosphere |
| Aurora | a natural electrical phenomenon |
| 1 Re = radius of Earth | 6371 km |
| Corona is above the.. | chromosphere |
| Differential rotation | Sun goes faster at equator (28 days) than at the poles (32 days) |
| Frozen Influx | magnetic field is dragged thru space and takes energy with it |
| solar flares | a burst of electromagnetic radiation by CME's |
| Sector structure | alternating positive and negative polarity |
| solar wind | continual expansion of the sun's electromagnetic field |
| Solar maximums (11 yrs) and solar minimums (22yrs) deal with.. | sunspots |
Created by:
jhall15
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