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Microbio Test 2 Beck

QuestionAnswer
Operon A transcriptional unit. May contain one or more different genes.
Control Region A regulatory region, a region that contains the sequences that control gene expression.
Promoter The region for RNA polymerase to bind.
Operator The region of the regulatory protein to bind.
What are the 2 basic ways to induce a gene expression? Remove a repressor and add an activator
What do repressors do? They bind to DNA and prevent RNA polymerase from binding to the DNA or from copying the DNA to RNA
What do activators to? They bind to DNA and help RNA polymerase to bind to the DNA. Often activators allow RNA polymerase to bind at sites they would not normally bind to.
An activator promotes RNA polymerase binding and stablizes what two things? RNA polymerase binding and open DNA
Mutation A change in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism/virus.
Mutations result from what? the incorrect incorporation of a nucleotide into the genetic sequence.
Spontaneous mutation Random change in the DNA arising from mistakes in replication or the detrimental effects of natural background radiation on DNA.
Point Mutation the change of a single nucleotide.
Missense Mutation a change that results in a different amino acid.
Nonsense Mutation A mutation that results in the inserting of a stop codon.
Frameshift results from the insertion or deletion of nucleotides that change the reading frame of the mRNA
Mutagens Physical or chemical agents that react with DNA or DNA polymerase in a disruptive manner.
Name DNA repair mechanisms Photoreactivation, Mismatch repair, Base Excision Repair, Nucleotide Excision Repair.
Transfer of DNA from one organism to another Horizontal gene transfer.
2 basic components of horizontal gene transfer Foreign DNA has to get into the organism's cell and foreign DNA has to recombine with that organism's DNA, known as recombination.
Components of DNA transfer Transformation, Transduction, Conjugation, Transposition.
Transposons Mobile genetic elements. They can integrate into an organisms genome and later move somewhere else in that genome.
Integrase An enzyme that catalyzes double strandbreaks, and joining at sequence specific sites.
Created by: 638611611
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