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DNA repairs

QuestionAnswer
What is depurination? The removal of a purine from DNA
What is deamination? Removal of amine group from nucleoside, i.e. NH2 removed from cytosine becomes uracil
What removes the uracil aka deaminated cytosine? Uracil DNA glycosylase only removes the ring
What happens after ring is removed? AP endonuclease and phospodiesterase remove the sugar backbone
When sugar backbone is removed (base excision repair), what happens next? DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides and DNA ligase seals the nick
Other than remove a ring, what else can a DNA glycosylase do? Flips unusual rings into the DNA internal area
What would call for nucleotide excision repair? A pyrimidine dimer
What makes cut sites? Excision nuclease
After excision nuclease makes nicks, what happens next? DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds
How is it all put back together (nucleotide excision repair) DNA polymerase binds nucleotides and ligase seals the nicks
What is nonhomologous end joining? When a break in DS DNA occurs, and degredation occurs from these overhangs. When it is repaired, DNA sequences are lost
What is homologous recombination? Accidental double breaks in DS SNA cause loss of nucleotide from overhangs, however, processing with sister chromatids allows for correct information to be replaced
What proteins recognize breaks? Ku Heterodimers
what is translesion DNA synthesis? When there is a lesion in DNA and the cell copies over it in translation
Created by: neeck
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