Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 3 Patho
Chapters 25, 26, 27, 28
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blood consists of formed elements. The chief function is to? | 1. deliver substances needed for cellular metabolism in the tissues. 2. defend against injury and invading micro-organisms 3. acid base balance |
| 3 categories of plasma proteins | albumins, globulins and clotting factors |
| albumins | regulate passage of water and solutes through capillaries and venules |
| immune globulins | antibodies |
| clotting factors | promote coagulation - fibrogen is most plentiful of clotting factors |
| RBC's | erythrocytes - responsible for tissue oxygenation cannot undergo mitotic division so dies in 120 days |
| shape of RBC's | flattened, bioconcavity and reverse deformability |
| WBC's | leukocytes - body's defense either granulocytes or agranulocytes |
| granulocytes | phagocytes neutrophils baseophils eosinophils |
| agranulocytes | phagocytes or immunocytes phagocytes - monocytes and macrophages immunocytes - lymphocytes |
| platelets | disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments (not cells) made from megakaryocytes essential for blood coagulation |
| thrombocytopenia | low platelet count less than 100,000 |
| thrombocytosis | increased platelet count more than 600,000 |
| Hct | 38-46% in females 40-54% in males % of blood occupied by RBC's |
| Hgb | 14-16 g/dl oxygen carrier to body |
| RBC count | 4.00-6.00 (million) |
| MCV | 80-96 fl volume (size) of average RBC |
| MCH | 27-32 pg amount of Hgb in average RBC |
| MCHC | 32-36 concentration of Hgb in average RBC |
| neutrophils | pinkish cytoplasm, segmented nucleus, fight bacterial infections, phagocytes |
| eosinophils | large red granules, target antigen-antibody complexes, increased in allergies and parasites |
| basophils | large dark blue, participate in inflammatory response, release histamine and heparin |
| monocytes/macrophages | very powerful phagocytes, macrophages have different names depending on their location |
| lymphocytes | contained mostly in the lymph, T & B cells, fight viral infections and cancers, major role in adaptive immune response |
| primary lymphatic organs | thymus and bone marrow |
| secondary lymphatic organs | spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, peyer patches of small intestines |
| hematopoiesis | formation of blood -cells are formed in bone marrow from pluripotent stem cells -mature in bone marrow or lymphatic tissue -mitotic division into common myeloid cells or common lymphoid cells -become eosinophils, monoblasts, plasma cell, NK cell, et |
| colony stimulating factors | cytokines that act as hormones to stimulate proliferation of progenitor (early) cells -necessary for growth of myeloid, erythroid, lymphoid and megakaryotic cells |
| CSF produces which cells | T-lymphocytes B-lymphocytes eosinophil granulocytes neutrophilic granulocytes monocyte and macrophage megakaryote and platelets erythrocytes |
| sequence of events in hemostasis | 1. vascular spasm 2. platelet plug formation 3. activation of coagulation cascade |
| intrinsic pathway | (collagen and other substances) activated by thromboplastin |
| extrinsic pathway | (injury) activated by contact with the injured vessel |
| stages of coagulation | 1. extrinsic and intrinsic activation 2. common pathway beings with formation of prothrombinase 3. prothrombin activates prothrombin to thrombin 4. thrombin induces formation of fibrin from fibrinogen |
| fibrinolysis | after 30-60 minutes platelets contract and clot has to be removed TPA "clot buster" removes clots |
| bone marrow biopsy diagnosis | anemia, leukemias, platelet disorders, immunoglobin disorders |
| WBC's diagnosis | bacterial appendicitis, mono, CLL |
| PT/INR diagnosis | measures extrinsic pathway |
| APTT diagnosis | measures intrinsic pathway |
| bleeding time diagnosis | measures platelet function |
| reticulocyte count | measures rate of erythropoiesis |
| anemia | reduction in total number of erythrythrocytes in circulating blood or a decrease in the quality or quantity of Hgb |
| anemia is classified by | impaired erythrocyte function blood loss (acute or chronic) increased erythrocyte destruction or a combination of one or more |
| microcytic-normochromic | pale small cells iron deficiency |
| macrocytic-normochromic | large cells folic acid deficiency vitamin b12 deficency (pernicious) |
| normocytic-normochromic | RBC's are normal size but caused by hemorrhage or hemolysis anemia of chronic disease aplastic anemia hemolytic hemorrhagic |
| iron-deficiency | pale earlobes, palms and conjunctivae, spoon shaped nails, sore tongue |
| pernicious | digestive symptoms, neurological symptoms, peripheral neuropathy |
| folic acid | digestive symptoms, peripheral neuropathy |
| sideroblastic | dysfunctional uptake of iron heptosplenomegly hemochromatosis |
| aplastic | petechia, bleeding, infection, pancytopenia |
| hemorrhagic | shock, acidosis |
| hemolytic | enlarged spleen, jaundice |
| polycythemia | excessively large RBC's |
| polycythemia s/s | red face, hands, feet, ears, and mucous membranes, high bp, engorgement of veins, heptasplenomegaly |
| neutrophilia | cause: infection, inflammation and band neutrophils are released into blood |
| neutropenia | cause: prolonged severe infection, reduced survival |
| eosinophilia | cause:allergic reaction or parasitic invasion |
| monocytosis | cause: blood has poor correlation with disease |
| lymphocytosis | acute viral infections, malignancies |
| lymphocytopenia | immune deficiencies |
| mononucleosis | acute infection cause by EBV. Test for presence of heterophilic antibodies |
| ALL | children immature cells/"blasts" acute sudden onset of symptoms B and T cells lymphoblasts |
| AML | adults immature cells/"blasts" myeloblasts poor survival rate |
| CML | adults well differentiated cells don't form properly gradual onset Philadelphia chromosome (T9:22) |
| CLL | adults well differentiated cells don't form properly elderly B cells |
| myleoma | involvement of bone marrow/cancer of bone marrow destruction of bones- osteoclastic activity abnormal immunoglobin protein - M protein Bence jones protein skeletal pain renal failure recurrent bacterial infections weakness fatigue weight loss |
| Hodgkins Lymphoma | Reed Sternberg cells in lymph nodes targets b cells 25-35 and under 50 night sweats, itching usually localized |
| Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma | No Reed Sternberg cells multiple organ/node involvement proliferation or lymph nodes onset usually after 50 |
| fibrinolysis | after 30-60 minutes platelets contract and clot has to be removed TPA "clot buster" removes clots |
| bone marrow biopsy diagnosis | anemia, leukemias, platelet disorders, immunoglobin disorders |
| WBC's diagnosis | bacterial appendicitis, mono, CLL |
| PT/INR diagnosis | measures extrinsic pathway |
| APTT diagnosis | measures intrinsic pathway |
| bleeding time diagnosis | measures platelet function |
| reticulocyte count | measures rate of erythropoiesis |
| anemia | reduction in total number of erythrythrocytes in circulating blood or a decrease in the quality or quantity of Hgb |
| anemia is classified by | impaired erythrocyte function blood loss (acute or chronic) increased erythrocyte destruction or a combination of one or more |
| microcytic-normochromic | pale small cells iron deficiency |
| macrocytic-normochromic | large cells folic acid deficiency vitamin b12 deficency (pernicious) |
| normocytic-normochromic | RBC's are normal size but caused by hemorrhage or hemolysis anemia of chronic disease aplastic anemia hemolytic hemorrhagic |
| iron-deficiency | pale earlobes, palms and conjunctivae, spoon shaped nails, sore tongue |
| pernicious | digestive symptoms, neurological symptoms, peripheral neuropathy |
| folic acid | digestive symptoms, peripheral neuropathy |
| sideroblastic | dysfunctional uptake of iron heptosplenomegly hemochromatosis |
| aplastic | petechia, bleeding, infection, pancytopenia |
| hemorrhagic | shock, acidosis |
| hemolytic | enlarged spleen, jaundice |
| polycythemia | excessively large RBC's |
| polycythemia s/s | red face, hands, feet, ears, and mucous membranes, high bp, engorgement of veins, heptasplenomegaly |
| neutrophilia | cause: infection, inflammation and band neutrophils are released into blood |
| neutropenia | cause: prolonged severe infection, reduced survival |
| eosinophilia | cause:allergic reaction or parasitic invasion |
| monocytosis | cause: blood has poor correlation with disease |
| lymphocytosis | acute viral infections, malignancies |
| lymphocytopenia | immune deficiencies |
| mononucleosis | acute infection cause by EBV. Test for presence of heterophilic antibodies |
| ALL | children immature cells/"blasts" acute sudden onset of symptoms B and T cells lymphoblasts |
| AML | adults immature cells/"blasts" myeloblasts poor survival rate |
| CML | adults well differentiated cells don't form properly gradual onset Philadelphia chromosome (T9:22) |
| CLL | adults well differentiated cells don't form properly elderly B cells |
| myleoma | involvement of bone marrow/cancer of bone marrow destruction of bones- osteoclastic activity abnormal immunoglobin protein - M protein Bence jones protein skeletal pain renal failure recurrent bacterial infections weakness fatigue weight loss |
| Hodgkins Lymphoma | Reed Sternberg cells in lymph nodes targets b cells 25-35 and under 50 night sweats, itching usually localized |
| Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma | No Reed Sternberg cells multiple organ/node involvement onset usually after 50 proliferation or lymph nodes onset usually after 50 |
| 2 major causes of hemolytic diseases in newborn | ABO incompatibility RH incompatibility |
| ABO incompatibility | difference in fetal and maternal blood types |
| RH incompatibility | maternal anti-Rh, IgG antibodies cross placenta and attach to fetal erythrocytes Rh- mothers have Rh+ babies can cause anemia, edema, CNS damage, fetal death |
Created by:
1621337476
Popular Nursing sets