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chemo medications
chemotherapeutic agents and side effects
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what do alkylating agents do? | Interfere with DNA replication in a manner similar to radiation therapy. |
| names of alkylating medications | bulsulfan (Myleran) chlorambucil (Leukeran) cisplatin (Platinol) cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) nitrogen mustard (Mustargen) |
| Indications of alkylating agents? (cancers it is used for) | Multiple myeloma, Leukemia |
| bulsulfan (Myleran) Side effects? | Lungs: Pulmonary Fibrosis, liver: hepatoveno occlusive disease |
| chlorambucil (Leukeran)Side effects? | psych: depression Reproductive system: sterility |
| cisplatin (Platinol)Side effects? | Kidneys: renal toxicity (BUN creatinine changes) Metabolic alterations |
| cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) Side effects? | Bladder: hemorrhagic Cystitis |
| nitrogen mustard (Mustargen)Side effects? | Ear: ototoxicity |
| Common toxic effects Of alkylating Agents? | -Birth defects |
| what do Antimetabolites do? | Incorporates itself into cell structure and blocks further cellular activities. |
| Names of Antimetabolites medications? | Cytarabine (ARA-C) 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) methotrexate (Folex) |
| Indications for Antimetabolites? (cancers it is used for) | ALL, many cancers |
| Cytarabine (ARA-C) | Liver: hepatotoxicity Eye: protect conjunctivia (give dexamethasone 1%) |
| 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) | Brain: cerebellum dysfunction Mouth: Stomatitis eye: Ocular changes (confused cant remember) |
| methotrexate (Folex) | liver: hepatotoxicity Lungs: pneumonitis Kidneys: Renal failure Mouth: raw and bloody |
| common toxic effects of antimetabolites? | -CNS damage Diarrhea |
| what do antitumor antibiotics do? | directly binds with DNA and prevents further DNA and RNA synthesis |
| Names of antitumor antibiotic medications? | doxorubicin (Adriamycin) bleomycin (Blenoxane) |
| Indications for Antitumor antibiotics? (cancers it is used for) | Hodgkins lymphoma non-Hodgkins lymphoma Leukemia many other cancers |
| doxorubicin (Adriamycin) Side effects? | Heart: myocardial toxicity Kidneys: red urine *very toxic to tissues if infiltrated |
| bleomycin (Blenoxane) | lungs: pulmonary toxicity Kidneys: renal toxicity liver: hepatic toxicity |
| Common toxic effects of antitumor antibiotics? | *severely toxic to tissues -Pulmonary toxicity -Renal toxicity -hepatic toxicity -heart damage |
| what do mitotic spindle poisons do? | plant extracts that arrest cell division. |
| names of mitotic spindle poison medications? | *The V's vincristine (Oncovin) Vinblastine (Velban) |
| Indications of mitotic spindle poison ? (cancers it is used for) | Hodgkins lymphoma lymphoma Other cancers |
| vincristine (Oncovin) Side effects? | Impotence (erectile dysfunction) Bone pain |
| Vinblastine (Velban) | GI: constipation Neuro muscular:loss of reflexes |
| Common toxic effects of mitotic spindle poison? | -Autonomic neuropathy -paralytic ileus -neurotoxicity |
| What is hormonal agents used for? | used for hormonal dependent tumors |
| names of hormonal agents medications? | tomaxifen (Nolvodex) testolactone (Teslec) |
| tomaxifen (Nolvodex) Side effects? | Anti-estrogen (masculinity) |
| testolactone (Teslec) | Androgen (masculinity) (palliative in advanced breast cancer) |
| Common side effects of hormonal agents? | hypercalcemia jaundice increased appetite fluid retention Hypertension diabetes mood swings masculinization/feminization |
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