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Microbio - Chap 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| diplo is? | pairs |
| staphylo is? | clusters |
| strepto is? | chains |
| 3 forms of bacterial appendages | flagella, pili, fimbriae |
| organized glycocalex and disorganized? | capsule, slime layer |
| 2 components of cell envelope? | cell wall, cell membrane |
| bacterial cytoskeleton made of? | actin |
| flagella are made of chains of what? | flagellin |
| flagella are attached to what kind of hook? | a protein hook |
| flagella is anchored to the wall and membrane by what? | basal body |
| peritrichous flagella? | all over |
| monotrichous/polar flagella? | one polar flagellum |
| lophotrichous/polar flagella? | multiple at one pole |
| amphitrichous/polar flagella? | through spirochete, comes out both sides |
| atrichous flagella? | NONE |
| how do flagella move? | rotate |
| how do bacteria move? | run and tumble |
| taxis | move towards or away from stimuli |
| flagella proteins are what kind of antigen? | H antigen |
| endoflagella, found where, how does it move the bacterium? | axial filaments, in spirochetes, anchored at one end and rotation causes cell to move |
| is pili used for motility? | NO |
| sex pilus forms what apparatus? | conjugation apparatus |
| what is transfered through pili? | plasmids |
| what kind of bacteria have pili? | GRAM NEGATIVE |
| how many basal bodies do gram POSITIVE bacteria have? (flagella) | 2 |
| how many basal bodies do gram NEGATIVE bacteria have? (flagella) | 4 |
| fimbriae for motility? | NO |
| what does fimbriae do? | tight adhesion |
| many fimbriae can lead to? | biofilms |
| glycocalyx is where compared to the cell wall? | outside cell wall |
| slime layers help what? | adherence |
| capsules prevent what? | phagocytosis |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | capsule, + |
| Haemophilus influenzae b | capsule, - |
| Neisseria meningitidis | capsule, - |
| Neisseria meningitidis uses what? | FIMBRIAE |
| all 3 capsules have 3 things? | all enter through respiratory tract, all cause meningitis, all have vaccines |
| where is Haemophilus influenzae b? | daycare/family settings |
| where is Neisseria meningitidis? | crowded- college dorms, milirary barracks |
| meningitis, diagnosed how? | infection/inflammation of membranes covering brain & spinal cord, spinal tap |
| slime layers and capsules are made up of? | polysaccharides |
| slime layers protect the loss of what 2 things? | water, nutrients |
| cell wall prevents what? | lyse |
| bacterial cell walls are made of? | PEPTIDOGLYCAN |
| arhaea cell walls are made of? | PSEUDOMOREIN |
| peptidoglycan is a polymer of? | dissacharide= NAG and NAM |
| peptidoglycan in gram POSITIVE bacteria is linked by? | polypeptides |
| gram NEGATIVE bacteria has what in its upper membrane? | lipid A |
| lipid A produces what? | endotoxin, making it very virulent |
| gram positive cell wall contains what unique substance? | teichoic acids |
| gram negative cell walls have what in their periplasm? | digestive enzymes |
| 2 types of teichoic acid? | lipoteichoic, wall teichoic |
| lipoteichoic acid links to what? | plasma membrane |
| wall teichoic acid links to what? | peptidoglycan |
| gram positive cell walls may regulate the movement of what? | cations |
| polysaccharides of gram positive cell walls provide what kind of variation? | antigenic variation |
| gram negative outer membrane composed of 3 things | lipopolysaccharides, lipoproteins, phospholipids |
| gram negative outer membrane protects from 2 things | phagocytes, antibiotics |
| gram NEGATIVE outer membranes have what kind of antigen? | O polysaccharide antigen |
| porins | form channels through outer membrane |
| gram stain order | crystal violet, iodine, alcohol, safranin |
| what happens to alcohol + gram positive? | peptidoglycan dehydrates |
| what happens to alcohol + gram negative? | alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan |
| gram POSITIVE is sensitive to what? (2) | penicillin, lysozyme |
| gram NEGATIVE is sensitive to what? (1) | tetracycline |
| endotoxin leads to what (2) | septic shock, fever |
| acid fast cell was are similar to weak what? | weak gram negative |
| acid fast cells have what unique acid bound to peptidoglycan? | waxy lipid, mycolic acid |
| acid fast cells like water? | NO, waxy lipids |
| Streptococcus mutans | slime layer |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | acid fast |
| Mycobacterium leprae | acid fast |
| how many cells needed to have primary tuberculosis? | 10 |
| secondary tuberculosis also called (2) | consumption, latent tuberculosis (reactivation) |
| how long can tuberculosis bacteria remain dormant? | weeks, months, years |
| difference of tubercules in primary and secondary? | p= alveolar macrophages phagocytize cells. s= tubercules filled with bacteria expand & drain into bronchial tubes |
| extrapulmonary tuberculosis | outside lung infection |
| Lepromatous leprosy | dysmorphic parts are bilateral |
| Tuberculoid leprosy | skin lesions few, peripheral nerve involvement is severe |
| can Mycobacterium leprae grow in a lab? | NO |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | atypical (NO cell wall) |
| cell membrane of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is resistant to what? | lysis |
Created by:
ngrable
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