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Unit 11 AP Psych
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Intelligence Test | A method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores. |
Intelligence | Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. |
General Intelligence (g) | a general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every tast on an intelligence test. |
Factor Analysis | a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to indentify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score. |
Savant syndrome | a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing. |
Emotional intelligence | the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions. |
Mental age | a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8. |
Stanford-Binet | the widely used American revision (by Terma at Stanford University) of Binet's original intelligence test. |
Intelligence quotient (IQ) | defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ=ma/fa x 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100. |
Achievement tests | tests designed to assess what a person has learned. |
Aptitude tests | tests designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn. |
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) | The WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests. |
Standardization | Defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group. |
Normal curve | The symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes. |
Reliability | the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting. |
Validity | The extent to which a test measures or predicts what is it supposed to. |
content validity | the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest. |
Predictive validity | the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. |
Intellectual disability | (formerly reffered to as mental retardation) a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound. |
Down Syndrome | a condition of intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. |
Stereotype threat | a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype. |