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Pharmacology Ch 19

QuestionAnswer
formation of a clot; may form in any vessel, artery, or vein thrombosis
thrombosis that most often occurs in lower extremities venous thrombosis (DVT occurs in the lower extremeties and is the most common type of venous thrombosis)
drugs used to prevent the formation and extension of a thrombus; have no effect on an existing thrombus; prevent additional clots from forming; used prophylactically in high-risk patients anticoagulants
oral anticoagulant most often prescribed; given orally or parenterally; drug of choice for long-term therapy; interferes with the manufacture of vitamin K warfarin (Coumadin)
Uses of warfarin (Coumadin) prevent and treat DVT; prevent and treat atrial fibrillation with embolism; prevent and treat PE; part of treatment of MI
adverse effects of warfarin (Coumadin) bleeding (mild to severe); n/v; alopecia; urticaria; abdominal cramping; diarrhea, rash; hepatitis; jaundice; blood dyscrasias
Tests used to monitor warfarin (Coumadin) therapy: prothrombin time (PT) and INR
Notify the primary health care provider if the test values exceed: PT: 1 1/2 - 2 1/2 times the control value INR: 2 1/2 - 3 1/2 times the control value
inhibits formation of fibrin clots, inhibits the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, and inactivates several of the factors necessary for the clotting of blood; cannot be taken orally; HAS NO EFFECT ON CLOTS ALREADY FORMED Heparin
prevention/treatment of venous thrombosis, PE, arterial embolism; atrial fibrillation with embolus formation; prevents post-op DVT and PE; prevent clotting in the arterial and heart surgery, in blood transfusions, and dialysis heparin
Prevent a repeat cerebral thrombosis; tratment of coronary occlusion, MI, and peripheral arterial embolism; prevent clotting in extracorporeal circulation; used for diagnosis and treatment of DIC (diseminated intravascular coagulation) heparin
inhibits clotting reactions by binding to antithrombin III, which inhibits the synthesis of factor Xa and thrombin formation; used to prevent DVT after certain surgical procedures and ischemic complication of unstable angina low-molecular-weight heparins (enoxaprin - Lovenox); fractionated heparins
cannot be given orally, only given parenterally (in the love handles) Lovenox
adverse effects of low-molecular-weight heparin: hemorrhage ranging from minor to major; thrombocytopenia (platelet count is too low); easy bruising, petechiae; fever, chills, urticaria; asthma-like reaction, anaphylactic reaction
heparin antagonist to reverse the effects of heparin (antidote to heparin) Protamine Sulfate
adverse reactions to Protamine Sulfate: bradycardia, dyspnea, lassitude (tiredness), sudden drop in BP, transistory flushing or feelings of warmth
break down existing thrombus (have clot that needs to be dissolved), fibronlytics thrombolytics
uses of thrombolytics: acute MI, massive PE, thrombotic strokes, DVT, ateriovenous cannula occlusion
adverse effects of thrombolytics: hemorrhage, anemia (can go too far in the opposite direction)
Thrombolytics have a specific: time frame
inhibit platelet aggregation - preventative antiplatelets
antiplatelet that lowers risk of MI, TIA, and CVA acetylsylic acid (ASA or aspirin)
antiplatelet used in prevention of CVA ticlopine (Triclid)
antiplatelet used in prevention of thromboembolism dipyridamole (Persantine)
antiplatelet used in prevention of MI, CVA, and vascular death clopidrogel (Plavix) - can cause headaches, used more and more frequently
adverse effects of antiplatelets: rash, petechiae, burising, N/V, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, anorexia, flatulence
antidote for Coumadin: vitamin K
antidote for Heparin: Protamine sulfate
PT and INR tests are always done: together
Created by: akgalyean
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