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Ch 13 - Part 1
Exam 2: The Lymphatic and Cardiovascular systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic ______ and lymphatic ______ | vessels; organs |
| The lymphatic system is closely associated with the _____ | cardiovascular system |
| The lymphatic system has three main functions: | defends the body against disease; takes up excess fluid and returns it to the bloodstream; absorbs fats at the intestines and transports them to the bloodstream |
| Lymphatic _____ are supplied throughout the body | capillaries |
| the capillaries take up fluid that has... | diffused from the blood capillaries but has not been reabsorbed by the blood capillaries |
| When the fluid enters the lymphatic system it is called _____ | lymph |
| The lymphatic capillaries join to form lymphatic vessels that enter into one of two ducts: | the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct |
| The lymphatic ducts return the lymph to the _____ of the cardiovascular system | subclavian veins |
| Flow in the lymphatic system is ______ | one way |
| _____ contract and squeeze the lymph along | Skeletal muscles |
| _____ in the lymphatic system prevent the _____ flow of lymph | Valves; backward |
| Lymph Organs: | Lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus gland, bone marrow |
| Round structures that occur at certain points along the lymph vessels | Lymph nodes |
| _____ are released from the medulla and cortex to fight antigens | Lymphocytes |
| Doctors feel the nodes to see if they are _____ as evidence that the body is fighting an _____ | swollen; infection |
| in the mouth-throat region | tonsils |
| in the nasal-throat region | adenoids |
| Tonsils and adenoids are masses of ______ | lymph nodes |
| Tonsils and adenoids are the first to encounter... | infections that enter through the mouth and nose |
| Located in upper left side of the abdomen | spleen |
| spleen does what? | cleanses the blood |
| White pulp contains _______ for immune functions | lymphocytes |
| Red pulp removes ______ and worn-out or damaged red blood cells | bacteria |
| If the spleen bursts... | Other organs will partially replace its function its surface; Such persons will often require antibiotics indefinitely because they are now more susceptible to infections |
| Located in upper chest area | thymus gland |
| what happens in the thymus gland? | T-lymphocytes mature; Produces important hormones |
| Bone marrow | contains stem cells; stem cells can divide and differentiate (mature, specialize) into different types of cells; stem cells produce different types white blood cells, platelets, and red blood cells |
| Includes the blood, heart and blood vessels | Cardiovascular System |
| functions of the blood: | transport molecules; regulate tissues; protect the body |
| Blood is separated into two components: | Plasma 55%; Blood 45% |
| Plasma | 55%; Substances dissolved or suspended in water; 92% of plasma is water; 8% of plasma is solute (nutrients, waste materials, hormones, proteins and enzymes) |
| Blood Cells | 45%; Red blood cells = transport O2 and CO2; White blood cells = immune system; Platelets = blood clotting |
| Red blood cells carry a red respiratory pigment called ____ | hemoglobin |
| Hemoglobin consists of iron complexes (hemes) surrounded by _____ | polypeptides |
| The iron complexes can carry either... | O2 or CO2 |
| Red blood cells, perhaps because they do not contain a _____ only live for 120 days. | nuclei |
| Old red blood cells are destroyed by the spleen and liver, however, the _____ can be reused | iron complexes (hemes) |
| small vessels that connect arterioles and venules | Capillaries |
| Thin walls allow substances to... | enter and exit the blood |
| At the arteriole end: | nutrients and O2 diffuse out of the blood; water is pushed out by blood pressure |
| At the venule end: | wastes and CO2 diffuse into the blood; water moves into the blood by osmotic pressure because blood pressure is weaker |
| the chief regulators of blood compositions | Liver and Kidneys |
| Liver | Regulates glucose content; Removes toxins including alcohol and drugs; Makes urea (a nitrogenous end product) from protein metabolism |
| Kidneys | Excretes urea and other waste products by forming urine; Urine formation also for the control of blood volume, salt balance, and blood pH |
Created by:
chelsea_2010
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