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Biology189 exam2 ch9
Cell Division
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How does a unicellular organism reproduce? | By dividing into two daughter cells. |
| Why is cell division important? | So life can continue from one cellular generation to another. |
| What is the simplest form of cell division? | Binary Fission |
| Where does binary fission occur? | Bacteria |
| Is a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell more complicated to divide? | eukaryotic cell |
| The most important source of information a cell needs to function | DNA |
| What determines which proteins are made in a cell, how much is made, and when it is made? | DNA |
| What must a cell have to be alive and function? | DNA |
| What does a parent cell have to copy before it divides? | Choromosomes |
| What is a chromosome made up of? | DNA and protein |
| Prokaryotic cells have how many chromosomes? | one |
| How many chromosomes can a eukaryotic cell have? | over 100 |
| What are the two main stages of the cell cycle? | Interphase and cell division |
| What is the longest stage of the cell cycle where most cells spend 90% of their lifespan? | Interphase |
| Division of the nucleus | Mitosis |
| Division of the cytoplasm | Cytokinesis |
| What happens in cell division? | Mitosis and Cytokinesis |
| Where does the cell prepare to divide? | In Interphase |
| What are the three stages of Interphase? | G1,S, and G2 |
| Which stage of Interphase is growth after mitosis? | G1 phase |
| Which stage of Interphase is synthesis of DNA? | S phase |
| Which stage of Interphase is growth before mitosis? | G2 phase |
| Wat does G stand for? | Gap |
| Where did early biologists see a gap? | Between the S phase and cell division |
| Why are the G1 phase and G2 phase important? | Periods of growth and prepartion for the next phase. |
| Where are most of the cells that aren't actively dividing? | In G0 phase |
| What makes the G1 and G0 phase different? | The lack of preparation |
| In what phase do some of the cells last from days to years and will divide again and some will stay? | The G0 phase |
| what does the S in S phase stand for? | Synthesis |
| What stage in Interphase is where all the DNA in a cell is copied and all the chromosomes duplicated? | The S phase |
| Middle of a Chromosome | Centromere |
| Sides of the the middle of a Chromosome | Kinetochore |
| How long is a single DNA of a human being? | 2 meters |
| What is DNA tightly packaged with? | Proteins |
| What is a one double stranded molecule of DNA? | Chromosome |
| What are pictures of chromosomes during mitosis? | Karyotype |
| Humans have how many chromosomes? | 46 |
| how many pairs do humans have of chromosomes? | 23 |
| What is a karyotype used for? | To study their number and shape |
| They are non sex chromosomes? | Autosomes |
| How many pairs of autosomes do humans have? | 22 |
| What are chormosomes that are paired up during mitosis and have a chromosome from each parent and are the same? | homologues |
| How many pairs of sex chromosomes do humans have? | 1 |
| What is the allele for female sex choromosome? | XX |
| What helps a eukaryotic cell organize the microtubles of a cell? | Centrosomes |
| What is important for dividing duplicated chromosomes during cell division? | Centrosomes |
| What structures are copied at the end of Interphase? | centrosomes |
| Mitosis consists of how many phases? | 5 |
| What are the five stages of Mitosis? | Prophase, Prometasphase, metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase |
| Which stage do the chormosomes condense, move apart and the mitotic spindlebegins to form? | Prophase |
| Which stage does the nuclear envelope break down and the mitotic spindle extends from the centrosomes and and attaches to the centromeres? | Prometaphase |
| What are the sites of attachment when the mitotic spindle extends? | Kinetochores |
| Where are the chromarids linked to in Prometaphase? | opposite ends |
| What stage do the chromosomes line up in the middle and the sister chromatids align equal and balanced for segregation? | Metaphase |
| Which stage do the chromatids seperate and drag free to opposite sides and the microtubles shorten causing equal daughter cells? | Anaphase |
| Which phase is it when the chromosomes reach their poles and the mitotic spindle falls apart and the chromosomes unfold and the nuclear envelope reforms? | Telophase |
| Whenm does Cytokinesis happen in the cell cycle? | The End |
| What is a disease of the cell cycle? | Cancer |
| What are three methods of cancer treatment? | Sugical, Radiation, and Chemo |
| What is used to make gametes? | Meiosis |
| A reproductive cell like eggs and sperm that are haploid | Gamete |
| 1 copy of each chromosome | Haploid |
| 2 copies of each chromosome | Diploid |
| What is the name of two gametes that fused together? | Zygote |
| Is a zygote haploid or diploid? | Diploid |
| What is meiosis 1? | Pulling the homolougous chromosomes away in paires but the sister chromatids remain attached |
| What is used to duplicate sex chromsomes? | Meiosis and Meiosis 2 |
| When do sister chromatids seperate in sex cell division? | Meiosis 2 |
| When do homologs pair, recombine, and seperate? | Meiosis 1 |
| What is the term for errors in Meiosis? | Nondisjunction |
| What occurs when duplicated chromosome or homologous paits fail to seperate in Meiosis 2 or Meisos 1? | Nondisjunction |
| What is the result of nondisfunction errors? | The gametes would produce with improper chromosome number and the offspring would have improper chromsome numbers |
| What is a condition when an individual has an extra chromosome 21? | Down Syndrome |
| What is another name for down syndrome? | Trisomy 21 |
| What is the only nonlethal trisomy of an autosome? | Trisomy 21 |
| Can nondisjunction also effect sex chromosomes like having too many X's or Y's? | Yes |
Created by:
paige883
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