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Broad Spectrun-Ch 12
Mosby's Chapter 12 Antiinfective Medications
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are Broad Spectrum Antibiotics (action) | Either bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic |
| What are broad-spectrum antibiotics used for | Any organism diagnosed with a culture but NOT viral, parasitic or fungal infections |
| What is a secondary infection | An infection that follows another |
| What is a mixed infection | Both infections are present at the same time |
| What are adverse reactions of Broad spectrum antibiotics | superinfections, diarrhea, oral thrush, vaginal itching, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. |
| What do aminoglycosides treat | gram negative infections when penicillin is contraindicated |
| What does bacitracin treat | RESTRICTED TO USE IN SEVERE INFECTIONS Staphylococcal pneumonia, empyema in infants |
| What does clindamycin treat | SEVERE INFECTIONS caused by strep, pneumonia, staph, or anaerobic bacteria WHEN PENICILLIN AND ERYTHROMYCIN CONTRAINDICATED |
| What does erythromycin treat | Alternative treatment for people hypersensitive to PENICILLINS |
| What is Lincomycin used for | SEVERE INFECTIONS strep, pneumococci, staph when penicillin and erythromycin c/i |
| What is polymoxin B used for | All gram negative organisms EXCEPT PROTEUS. Acute infections (e-coli, H influenza, Klebsiella) RESERVED FOR RESISTANT INFECTIONS |
| What is Spectomycin used for | Gonorrhea |
| what is telithromycin used for | mild to moderate URI, chronic bronchitis, acute sinusitis |
| what are tetracyclines used to treat | granuloma, rickettsial, mucoplasmal infections, spirochetal, chlamydia STD's IN PATIENTS SENSITIVE TO PENICILLINS |
| What is vancomycin used for | Staph, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, soft tissue infections, MRSA |
| What are adverse reactions to aminoglycosides | renal toxicity (reversible) ototoxicity |
| What are adverse reactions to bacitracin | Renal toxicity leading to tubular and glomerular necrosis, severe pain and rash with IM injection |
| Cephalosporins adverse reactions | Painful IM injections, thrombophlebitis, hemolytic anemia |
| Clindamycin adverse reactions | Severe and fatal colitis, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, bloody/mucousy diarrhea |
| Colistin adverse reactions | Renal toxicity |
| erythromycin adverse reactions | GI distress, hearing loss, hepatotoxicity |
| lincomycin adverse reactions | Severe and fatal colitis, hypotension, cardiac arrest WITH RAPID IV INFUSION |
| polymyxin B adverse reactions | Nephrotoxicity, poteinuria, cellular urinary casts, azotemia, decreased output, elevated BUN |
| tetracycline adverse reactions | black "hairy" tongue |
| vancomycin adverse reactions | nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity |
| When should tetracycline be used cautiously? | In those with poor liver function (can cause hepatotoxicity) |
| How much of a urine output should you have each day while on antibiotics? | At least 1500 mLs to prevent renal toxicity |
| Can you drink milk with tetracycline? | No |
| What medication is used to treat anthrax? | Ciprofloxacin |
| Can tetracyclines be taken with food? | No take 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals with a full glass of water |
| What should people taking tetracycline avoid? | The sun |
| What shouldn't be taken with tetracycline? | Iron preperations, antacids, milk, or dairy products |
| What is Amikacins Trade name? | Amikin |
| What is amikacin used to treat? | May be used to treat unidentified infections before results of sensitivity tests are known. |
| What are trade names of gentamicin? | Garamycin, Genoptic, Gentacidin, Gentak, Ocumycin |
| What is Gentamicin used to treat? | Used to treat unidentified infections. Do not mix with carbenicilin or other drugs |
| What is the trade name for neomycin | Mycifradin, Neofradin, Neo-tabs |
| What is neomycin used for | Preoperative preparation for surgery |
| What is the trade name of paromomycin | Humatin |
| What is paromomycin used for | Intestinal Amebiasis, Hepatic coma |
| What is the trade name for tobramycin | Nebcin |
| What is tobramycin used for? | May be used in combination with penicillin or cephalosporin in treatment of unidentified infections before results of sensitivity tests are known. No not premix with other drugs |
| What are included in the first generation cephalosporins | Cefadroxil, cephalexin |
| What are the trade names for cefadroxil and cephalexin | Duricef, Keflex |
| What is included in the second generation cephalosporins? | Cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefpozil, cefuroxime |
| What are the trade names? | Ceclor, Raniclor, Mefoxin, Cefzil, Ceftin, Zinacef. |
| What does the CDC recommend for gonorrhea and PID? | cefoxtin (Mefoxin) |
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