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Royal Science Unit C
Forces that Change the Earth
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When water inside a rock freezes,____ occurs, causing the rock to crack. | expansion |
| What force is most responsible for creating a sand dune? | wind |
| Wind can cause rocks to wear down. This is known as ____ _____. | physical weathering |
| The movement of glaciers causes valleys shaped like what letter? | U |
| Which type of landform is affected more by gravity-- steep slope or a flat land? | steep slope |
| Over a long period of time, mountains are changed the most by what force? | gravity |
| What is a landslide? | Gravity causes rocks, mud, and land to slide down a mountainside. |
| What force is most responsible for CARVING valleys into the land? | glaciers |
| What can coastal park rangers do to limit sand dune erosion? | Plant grass. Roots will help hold sand in place. |
| Would FAST-blowing wind or SLOW-blowing wind cause more erosion to a sand dune? | Fast |
| Landslide movements are classified by: | the type of material that is eroded AND the pattern in which it moves |
| What force causes downward movement? | gravity |
| What might happen if snow and ice rapidly melted? | Lots of runoff and erosion |
| How can farmers prevent topsoil from blowing away? | By planting vegetation (plants) |
| Where might a delta form? | At the mouth of a river |
| A tributary carries water to...... | To the largest river in the basin |
| What force is mostly responsible for moving sediment and shaping rivers? | Flowing water |
| What will likely occur to a river over time? Will it become WIDER or MORE NARROW? | wider |
| If you were hiking in a canyon, which weather condition would cause you to be cmost oncerned that there could be a rock slide? (wind or rain?) | rain |
| What kind of river will likely meander- a YOUNG river or a MATURE one? | an older mature river must go through the erosion/deposition process over time in order for it to cause a meandering flow |
| You will find several ______s in a drainage basin. (deltas, landslides, pipes, tributaries) | tributaries |
| Glaciers move quickly when it is surrounded by a layer of melted ice. TRUE or FALSE? | true. (Imagine ice skating right after the zamboni makes the ice smooth and a little bit wet! You can move more quickly than if there are large chunks of ice all over the rink!) |
| The Grand Canyon is continuing to be carved by the ________ ________. | Colorado River |
| A long area of low land between mountains or hills formed by the erosion of land by rivers or glaciers is a _____. | valley |
| Why does a river wind? | As the river flows, it picks up and deposits sediment. When enough sediment is deposited in a spot, this causes the flow of the river to find the 'path of least resistance' so it winds to the side of the deposition pile. |
| Can boulders or trees that fall into a river create a meander? | Yes! They could cause the water to take a new path, creating a new bend. |
| Flat land beside a river might be flooded if there is an increase in rainfall or waterflow. We call this area a ________. | floodplain |
| What kind of soil might you find in a floodplain? | fertile |
| If soil is fertile in a floodplain, what might you find in those locations? | farms and/or wildlife |
| Choose 3 of the following materials that are necessary in the formation of a delta. (waste, soil, algae, sand, rocks, fertilizer, money) | soil, sand, rocks |
| If humans cut down trees to clear a forest right next to a river, would the amount of sediment in the river INCREASE or DECREASE? | Increase |
| Deltas are formed when lots of _____ is deposited. | sediment |
| How is a floodplain formed? | Eroded sediment is deposited along the river's path. |
| What shape is a delta? | Triangle |
| How does water flow near a delta? QUICKLY or SLOWLY? | slowly |
| What is a possible problem that a farmer could face if her crops have been planted in a floodplain? | The area could flood! |
| Would a rough FAST-moving river or a gentle SLOW-moving river carry more sediment? | fast-moving |
| Would a FAST-moving river or a SLOW-moving river be more likely to create a delta? | fast-moving |
| What do people often do to block the flow of a river? | build dams |
| Why do farmers love planting in a floodplain? | Soil that is eroded has great nutrients for a farmer's animals or crops. |
| True or false? A satellite could take an aerial photograph of a landform. | True |
| What is the best way to show the SHAPE and SIZE of a landform on a smaller scale? | A model |
| How do models of landforms help scientists to learn more? | Scientists can experiment with different forces that can cause landforms to change. |
| When contour lines are CLOSER together on a topographic map,... | STEEP areas are represented. |
| The closer the lines, the __________ the climb. | steeper |
| What do contour lines on a topographic map show? | Contour lines on a topographic map show how the land is. |
| Why is it so difficult to create an exactly perfect map of Earth's surface? | The Earth's surface is always changing. |
| Why might a scientist want to take aerial photographs of the same place every year? | Aerial photographs might show her changes that have occurred to the Earth's surface over time. |
| What kind of map shows rock formations? | geologic map |
| Towns might build a ____ to protect it from a flood. | a dam |
| Besides being pretty, why would might builders plant trees around a parking lot? | to prevent erosion from runoff |
| What kind of root system would best prevent/stop erosion? | deep roots |
| If a farmer clears the trees off of several acres of land for his cattle to graze, do you think there will be an INCREASE or DECREASE in erosion? | Increase |
Created by:
MrsValentine
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