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Chapter 7: Cells (:

Cell Structure and Functions Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
Cell Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; Basic unit of all forms of life.
Cell Theory Idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
Cell Membrane Thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
Cell Wall Strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria.
Nucleus Large structure inside some cells that contains the cell genetic material (DNA) and controls the cells activities.
Cytoplasm Material inside the cell membrane-but not including the nucleus.
Prokaryote Single-celled microorganism that lacks a nucleus.
Eukaryote Organism whose cells contain nuclei.
Organelle Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotiic cell.
Chromatin Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins.
Chromosome Threadlike structure within the nucleus containing from one generation of cells to the next.
Nucleolus Small dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of ribosomes begins.
Nuclear Envelope Double membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus of all cells.
Cytoskeleton Network of protein filaments within some cells that help the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement.
Microtubule Hollow tube of protein that maintains cell shape and can also serve as a "track" along which organelles are moved.
Microfilament Long thin fiber that functions in the movement and support of the cell.
Ribosomes Small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and proteins.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Internal membrane system in cells in which components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified.
Golgi Apparatus Stack of membranes in the cell in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins.
Lysosome Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell
Vacuole cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and Carbohydrates.
Chloroplast Organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules by photosynthesis.
Mitochondrion Cell organelle that releases energy from stored food molecules.
Lipid Bilayer Double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes.
Concentration The Mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume.
Diffusion Process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less Concentrated.
Selective Permeability Property of biological membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through them.
Osmosis Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
Facilitated Diffusion Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels.
Active Transport Energy-required process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference.
Endocytosis Process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane.
Phagocytosis Process in which extension of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.
Exocytosis Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material.
Cell Specialization Separate role for each type of cell in multicellular organisms.
Tissue Group of similar cells that perform a particular function.
Organ Group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions.
Organ system ` Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
Created by: mamina6
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