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Lesson 4 Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| passive transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
| concentration gradient | a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance |
| equilibrium | the state in which a chemical reaction and the reverse chemical reaction occur at the same rate such that the concentrations of reactants and products do not change |
| diffusion | the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent |
| hypertonic solutions | describes a solution whose concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell |
| hypotonic solutions | describes a solution whose solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside the cell |
| isotonic solution | a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell |
| ion channel | a pore in a cell membrane through which ions can pass |
| carrier protein | a protein that transports substances across a cell membrane |
| facilitated diffusion | the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins |
| active transport | the movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cell to use energy |
| sodium- potassium pump | a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell |
| endocytosis | the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle into the cell |
| exocytosis | the process by which a substance is released form the cell through a vesicle that transports the substances to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out |
| receptor protein | a protein that binds specific signal molecules, which causes the cell to respond |
| second messenger | a molecule that is generated when a specific substance attaches to a receptor on the outside of a cell membrane, which produces change in cellular function |
Created by:
CarolineCloninger
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