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Stack #71674
Nathan Hale Biology Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| allele | the different forms of a gene |
| chromosome | a threadlike strand in the nucleus, made of DNA, carries genetic information |
| dominant allele | the form of a gene that can override a recessive allele |
| recessive allele | the form of a gene that only shows when the dominant form isn't present |
| gamete | a sex cell |
| genetics | the study of inheritance |
| gene | a section of a chromosome that determines the traits of an organism |
| trait | a form of a characteristic, such as flower color or stem height |
| genotype | the combination of genes in an organism |
| phenotype | the traits that an organism shows |
| heredity | the passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| heterozygous | an organism that has two different alleles for a trait, like Tt or Ww |
| homozygous | an organism that has two of the same alleles for a trait, like TT or tt |
| hybrid | a genotype that is a combination of a dominant and a recessive allele |
| incomplete dominance | When neither allele is dominant over the other, resulting in the appearance of blending, such as the white and red snapdragons that have pink offspring. |
| karyotype | a picture of all the pairs of chromosomes |
| meiosis | the process that produces sex cells |
| mitosis | the process that produces new or replacement body cells |
| Gregor Mendel | the father of genetics who made the first detailed investigation of heredity in the 1860's |
| mutation | a change in the DNA |
| probability | the likelihood that a trait will be passed to the offspring |
| Punnett Square | a grid that indicates the possible outcomes of a genetic cross |
| carrier | an organism that has a recessive allele that is being hidden by the dominant allele |
| DNA | the genetic material that holds the set of instructions for an organism |
| messenger RNA | the genetic material that takes the instructions from the DNA to the ribosome |
| transfer RNA | the genetic material that brings the necessary amino acids to the ribosome |
| ribosome | the place in the cell where the proteins are made |
| C | cytosine |
| A | adenine |
| G | guanine |
| T | thymine |
| U | uracil |
| prophase | the first phase of mitosis, the nucleus releases the DNA and it forms X shaped chromosomes |
| metaphase | second step of mitosis, spindles form and DNA lines up in the middle |
| anaphase | the phase of mitosis where the spindle fibers pull the DNA apart |
| telophase | in mitosis, the step where the spindle fibers have pulled the DNA apart and the nucleus begins to reform in each new cell |
| pedigree | a chart showing the parents and offspring of several generations |
| multiple alleles | when there are more than two alleles for a trait, such as with blood types A, B and O. |
| codominance | when both traits are equally expressed, such as the chicken with both white and black feathers. |
| phosphate | part of the skeleton of the DNA ladder, the part that holds one sugar to the next |
| sugar | the part of the DNA and/or RNA skeleton that is attached to the C,T,G,A, or U bases |
| protein synthesis | the process whereby proteins are assembled from amino acids using a genetic code |
| ribose | the sugar that is present in RNA |
| deoxyribose | the sugar that is present in DNA |
Created by:
kost
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