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ap2test2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Both nervous and endocrine system are import in maintaining this | homeostasis |
| of the 2 systems; this system tends to be more widespread and less immediate in its effects | endocrine |
| types of glands release substance into the interstitial fluid then go into the blood | endocrine |
| these glands secrete outside of the body | exocrine |
| hormone that acts on the cell that produces it | autocrine |
| horomone which enter the blood are called | circulating hormones |
| A hormone which acts on cells in the vicinity of its release | paracrine |
| steroid hormones and thyroid hormones are what kind of soluble | lipid |
| Amines, peptides, and proteins are which kind of soluble | water |
| Acts as a secondary messenger for some water based hormones | cyclic amp |
| receptors for water soluble hormones are found here | cell membrane |
| hormone receptors for lipid soluble hormones are found in the | cytosol or in the nucleus |
| These bind to nuclear receptors and inactivate them when hormones are not present | chaperonin |
| this hormone producing structure is found anterior and inferior to the thalamus in the diecphalon | hypothalamus |
| hormone released by the hypothalamus in response to low t3 levels | TRH- thyrotropin releasing hormone |
| horomone released by the hypothalamus in response to low levels of estrogens | gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) |
| Hormones released by the hypothalamus due to hypergycemia | GHRH and CRH |
| 2 hormones synthesized by the hypothalamus and released by the neurohypophysis | oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone |
| The part of the pituitary which is anterior and is composed of glandular epithelium | adenohypophysis |
| the pituitary is found in this part of the sphenoid bone | sella turcica |
| The pituitary is often considered ____ gland because it regulates many other endocrine glands. | master |
| The ________ controls the pituitary with releasing and inhibiting hormones. | hypothalamus |
| Vascular connection between the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis | hypophyseal portal system |
| in the hypthalomohypophyseal tract of the cell body; axons are found in the | hypothalamic nuclei |
| 2 hormones are trasported by the hypothalamonhypophyseal tract | oxytocin and antidurietic hormone |
| hormones which target other endocrine organs | tropins |
| hormone releases IGFs and promote growth of muscle and home | Growth hormone |
| Causes the release of hormone from the adrenal cortex | adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
| Anterior pituitary hormones that effect the gonads | LH and FSH |
| Hormone that stimulates milk production | Prolactin |
| Causes kidneys to reabsorb more water | antidiuretic hormone |
| Bilobed gland found on the trachea just inferior to the larynx | thyriod gland |
| Thyroid is composed of these fluid filled sphericle structures called | thyroid follicles |
| Thyroglobin is made by the | follicular cells |
| These cells produce calcitonin | parafollicular cells or C-Cells |
| These cells synthesize T3 and T4 | thyroid follicle hormone |
| Thyroxine has this many iodine atoms attached | 2 thyrosines |
| Hormone that increases basal metabolic rate | T3 and T4 |
| T3 and T4 role in maintaining normal body temp is called the _____ effect | calorigenic |
| The numbers on thyroid hormones T3 and T4 stand for the number of these atoms | iodine |
| This hormone decreaes blood calcium | calcitonin (CT) |
| The bone sparing effects of calcitonin results from the inhibition of these | osteoclasts |
| This autoimmune disease results in hyperthyroidism | Graves disease |
| This autoimmune disorder results in hyposecretion of T3 and T4 | Hashimotos |
| An enlarged thyroid results in this | goiter |
| One cause of an enlarged thyroid is the lack of this in a diet | iodine |
| On the posterior of the thyroid are 2 pairs of these glands | parathyroid glands |
| The the parathyroid gland these are the cells which make parathyroid hormones | cheif cells or principle cells |
| Parathyroid hormone cause these organs to reabsorb more calcium | intestine |
| this hormone increases blood calcium | parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| Cacitriol enhances the absorption of calcium here | kidneys |
| In responce to parathyroid hormone the kidneys will reabsorb more | blood calcium |
| PTH converts inactive Vit D to its active form in this organ | kidneys |
| Theses glands are found on top of the kidneys | adrenal glands |
| Hormone that causes the kidneys to reabsorb more sodium | aldosterone |
| The mineralcorticoids are made in this zone of the adrenal cortex | zona glomeulosa |
| Angiotension II causes the adrenal cortex to release this | aldosterone |
| Androgens are made in this zone of the adrenal cortex | zona reticlaris |
| Adrenal cortex hormone that is responsible for the female libido | androgens |
| This hormone causes gluconeogenesis | cortisol |
| This hormone has anti-inflammatory actions | cortisol |
| This glucocorticoid are made in this zone of the adrenal cortex | zona fasclculata |
| Chromaffin cells are found here | adrenal medulla |
| These hormones are released by chromaffin cells, cause the fight or flight reaction, and increase heart rate | epinephrine and norephinephrine |
| This organ has both endocrine and exocrine tissue | pancreas |
| The endocrine portion of the pancreas | Islets of Langhorns |
| Insulin is synthesized by these cells | B-Cells (beta cells) |
| The exocrine portion of the pancreas | acini |
| Glucagon is synthesized by these cells | A Cells (alpha cells) |
| This hormone causes and increase in blood sugar | glucagon |
| Glugagon is released by these cells | A cells (alpha cells) |
| Hormone that causes breakdown of glycogen | Glucagon |
| Hyperglycemia is a stimulus for this pancreatic hormone | glucagon |
| Hypoglycemis is a stimulus for this pancreatic hormone | Insulin |
| Hormone causes protein synthesis | lipogenesis |
| 3 cradinal signs of DM are | polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia |
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