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Exam 2 Chapter 2 Obj
Vocabulary Words/Chemical Basis of Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Organic | Compounds have carbon and hydrogen. Ex: Carbohydrates,lipids,proteins,and nucleic acids. |
| Inorganic | Usually dissociate in water,forming ions;thus,they are electrolytes. Ex: Water,oxygen,carbon dioxide,and inorganic salts |
| Carbohydrates | Provide much of the energy that cells require. They also supply materials to build certain cell structures, and they often are stored as reserve energy supplies. |
| Water | Major component of body fluids; medium in which most biochemical reactions occur; transports various chemical substances. |
| Oxygen | Used in release of energy from glucose molecules. |
| Carbon Dioxide | Waste product that results from metabolism; reacts with water to form carbonic acid. |
| Inorganic Salts | Required for polarization of cell membranes; help maintain water balance. |
| Monosaccharides | May include from three to seven carbon atoms, in a straight chain or ring. |
| Disaccharides | Consist of two 6-carbon units. Ex: Sucrose (Table sugar),lactose (Milk sugar) |
| Polysaccharides | Complex carbohydrates that are built of simple carbohydrates. Ex: Cellulose, which is abundant in plants |
| Lipids | A group of organic chemicals that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents, such as ether and chloroform. |
| Triglycerides | Most common lipids in the body; stored in fat tissue as and energy supply; fat tissue also provides insulation beneath the skin. |
| Phospholipids | Used as structural components in cell membranes; large amounts are in the liver and parts of the nervous system. May also include a nitrogen-containing molecule attached to the phosphate group. |
| Cholesterol-based Molecules | A lipid that cells produce and use to synthesize steroid hormones. |
| Saturated Fatty Acid | Each carbon atom binds as many hydrogen atoms as possible and is thus saturated with hydrogen atoms. |
| Unsaturated Fatty Acid | Have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms. |
| Peptide Bond | Joins two amino acids. |
| Hydrogen Bond | The attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule. This is a weak bond. |
| Ribonucleic Acid | Single stranded polymer of nucleotides,in which each nucleotide includes a phosphate group,a nitrogen-containing base,and the sugar ribose. (RNA) |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid | The genetic material; a double-stranded polymer of nucleotides,each containing a phosphate group,a nitrogenous base, and the sugar deoxyribose. (DNA) |
| Nucleic Acids | A molecule that is composed of bonded nucleotides. (RNA or DNA) |
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Sarah_sem
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