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chp 18 oceanography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How do humans depend on the oceans? | Food Natural resources Transportation |
| Origin of the Oceans | About 4 bya, water vapor began to be stored in Earth’s early atmosphere. As the ozone layer built up, the atmosphere cooled and the water vapor condensed. Rains fell and filled basins, low areas on the Earth. |
| Composition of the Oceans | Dissolved gases and solids from the atmosphere and land At a “steady state”: composition doesn’t change |
| Salinity | A measure of the amount of salts dissolved in ocean water. Most common salts are sodium and chloride Approx. 3.5% of ocean water is salts. |
| Desalination | A process that removes salts from ocean water. Water is evaporated repeatedly, leaving salt behind. May make ocean water drinkable. |
| Surface Currents | Move water horizontally, parallel to Earth’s surface Powered by the wind, affected by the Coriolis effect Move only upper 200-300 meters of water Example: Gulf Stream |
| Upwelling | A vertical circulation in the ocean that brings deep, cold, nutrient-rich water to the ocean surface. Creates important fishing industries |
| Density Current | Forms when a mass of ocean water becomes more dense than the surrounding water, causing the more dense ocean water to sink. Happens due to increased salinity or decreased temperature Example: North Atlantic Deep Water Forms around Norway, Greenland, a |