Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology 101 test 2 K
kirsten mcneese state university
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Prokaryotes | where molecules float around;harmful b/c of diseases but beneficial in ecological research |
| Bioremediation | use of microtubules to clean the environment (produces plastic, synthesizes vitamin) |
| Prokaryote Cell Division/Binary Cell Division | splitting in two form asexual reproduction |
| Plasmids of Prokaryotes | small circles of DNA that has no membrane and replicate on their own |
| Conjugation | transfer of genetic material |
| Capsule | Protective layer outside of the cell wall |
| Phili | is projections used for adhesion in prokaryotes |
| Nucleoid in a prokaryote | is circular DNA attached to plasma |
| Cyclin B/CDKS | controls entry into mitosis and was discovered in sea urchins |
| Checkpoints | time points of activity during cell cycle |
| Cytokinesis in Plants | vesicles made by Golgi that form in a line along the middle where the vesicles fuse and release contents that forma new cell wall for two new cells |
| Cyclins | proteins that fluctuate throughout the cell cycle |
| CDKS | binds with cyclins to control parts of cell cycle |
| Mitosis | Division of nucleus; |
| Prophase | microtubules begin to organize |
| Metaphase | spindle fiber extends from centriole and attaches to each chromosome |
| Anaphase | separation of sister chromatids and they go to the opposite sides |
| Telephse | reorganizations of nuclear envelope vesicles reappear and fuse |
| Interphase | nuclear membrane is intact and solid; chromosomes are invisible and DNA is in the form of chromatin |
| Metaphase begins and prophase ends | nuclear envelope disappears and forms vesicles that disperse into cytoplasm |
| Plasma Membrane | biological membrane surrounding the cell (outermost membrane) controls traffic in and out of cells |
| Selective Permeability | some things in or out of a cell |
| Bilayer | consists of Phopholipids Proteins Carbs and Cholesterol is amphipathic |
| Amphipathic | has both hydrophilic and phobic regions |
| Cholesterol | hinders phospholipids packing and lowers temp in which membranes solidify |
| Oligosaccharides | short polysaccharides |
| Passive Transport | No energy |
| Aggressive Transport | requires ATP energy |
| Diffusion | tends to spread out to absence other forces (substances will spread from high to low concentration |
| Osmosis | passive transport of water across the membrane |
| Solution | liquid completely homogenous mix (of two or more substances) |
| Isotonic response | EQUAL solutes |
| Hypotonic Cell | MORE solutes and water moves from the outside to the inside of the cell |
| Hypertonic cell | LESS solutes and cell loses water and swells |
| Osmoregulation | control of water balance |
| Paramecia | single celled eukaryote that lives in pond water and has a central vacuole to pump water out |
| Electrogenic | generates voltage |
| Electrolytes | Na+, K+, and other ions are electrolytes |
| Protection pump | transports proteins out of cells; creates positive energy from inside to outside |
| Cotransporter | is active transport that carries another molecule inside the cell as the protein is moved inside |
| Endocytsis | movement into the cell |
| Exocytosis | secretary vesicles fuses with plasma membrane and movement out of the cell |
| Endocytic mechanisms | phagocytosis, pinocytosis, |
| Receptor | mediated endocytosis |
| Phagocytosis | cell eating; intake of large food particle or whole cell |
| Pincytosis | cell drinking; intake of large molecules of proteins of fluid |
| Junctional Complexes | anchoring and signaling |
| Desmosomes | intercellular junction (anchors two cells together) and extracellular fluid is allowed to pass |
| Tight junctions | Plasma membranes of two cells fused together and extracellular fluid unable to pass |
| Gap junctions | both cells have connected bores; functions in chemical signaling; found in heart muscle and skin |
| Bores | made from proteins called connexins |
| Plasmodesmata | unique to plants; openings in two plant cell walls where plasma membranes fuse; this fusion creates a channel where water and small solutes can pass btwn cells |
| Solvent | medium where solutes are present |
| Aqueous Solution | where water is solvent |
| Solutes | molecules that are dissolved in the solvent |
| Nucleus | contains most genes in Eukaryotic cells |
| Nuclear Envelope | has a double membrane (outer and inner w/ phospholipid bilayers |
| Nuclear Pores | holes in nuclear envelope made of proteins/connexins (octet of proteins) that control entry and exit |
| Nuclear Lamina | inner side of inner membrane made of family of proteins; binds/organizes chromatin |
| Chromatin | Dna+ Histones |
| Histones | proteins in DNA organization (Euchromatin, Heterochromatin) |
| Euchromatin | Dispersed (loose) genes are available for RNA production |
| Heterochromatin | condensed(packed) genes not available for RNA; able to move for mitosis |
| Nucleosome | DNA wrapped around histones |
| Octet of histones | Nucleosome core particle |
| Cytoplasmic Organelles | Ribosome;organization of protein synthesis |
| Signal Sequence | First 20 amino acids made by the ribosome |
| Rough ER | attached ribosomes |
| Smooth ER | without attached ribosomes |
| Golgi | receives vesicles from ER, prepares protein for biological activity |
| Lysosome | product of a bud from the golgi;intracellular organelle for recycling of cellular products |
| Microbodies | vesicles similar to lysosome but smaller |
| Mitachondria | makes energy for cell; double membrane; inner membrane is larger; sperm and muscle have mitochondria |
| Folds | cristae |
| Matrix | in mitochondria Fluid filled space where aerobic respiration occurs uses oxygen and generates ATP and CO2 |
| Mitochondrial DNA | 2 |
| Chloroplasts | gives plant green color;double membrane; fluid filled space is stroma |
| Thylakoids | pigments used in photosynthesis |
| Cytoskeleton | network of fibers extending through cytoplasm; made of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules |
| Microfilaments | smallest filament unit of cytoskeleton and is made of actin |
| Intermediate filaments | fiberous proteins supercoiled into thicker capsules; made of keratin |
| Microtubles | largest unit of cytoskeleton made of tublin |
| Flagella | long projections that protrude from cells (sperm) |
| Cilia | shorter projections have 9 longitude pairs of microtubules with 2 in the center; 9+2 arrangements |
| Basal Body | found at the base of cilia or flagella; anchors those into cell; 9 triplet arrangements |
| Cytokinesis | Division of cytoplasm |
| Sister Chromatids | two molecules of DNA post |
| Centromere | areas of DNA that link sister chromatids |
| Telomeres | ends of the chromosome made of repeating six nucleotide sequences |
| Dynein | protein that uses ATP to power movement of cilia and flagella |
| Centrioles | organizes microtubule assembly in cells |
| Electron transport chain | series of proteins that move electrons form protein to protein |
Created by:
720441636
Popular Biology sets