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AP Focus 7
Evolution Basics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Change in species/Change in allelic frequencies | Evolution |
| Focuses on details of how populations change over generations and how new species originate | Microevolution |
| Deals with evolutionary relationships over the history life on the planet | Macroevolution |
| Used to construct the phylogeny of animal species | Studies from macroevolution |
| Acquired characteristics could be passed to offspring | Lamark's use and disuse theory (part of the early evolutionary theory) |
| Giraffes stretching their necks have longer necked offspring | Lamark's use and disuse theory |
| Natural Selection as the means by which evolution can occur | Darwin's "The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection) |
| The combination of Darwin's proposals and modern genetic research | Neo-Darwinism, synthetic theory of evolution, or modern synthesis |
| Evidence for Evolution: | Fossil Record, Biogeography, Embryology, Comparative Anatomy, Biochemistry (Falling Birds Eat Cookie Bugs) |
| Paleontologists have removed older fossils from deeper sediment layers that differ slightly from each progressive layer above it showing gradual changes over time | Fossil Record |
| Similar organisms are found in similar habitats even when those habitats are on different continents | Biogeography |
| Plant species adapted to deserts in the US are similar to plant species of the Sahara because they have adapted under similar environmental pressures | Biogeography |
| Analogous structures arise showing how environment selects out deleterious mutations thus indadvertedly selecting for beneficial ones (EX. Shark and dolphin dorsal fin providing stability in water) | Biogeography |
| Embryos from closely related organisms will undergo similar stages during embryonic development | Embryology |
| In vertebrates, mammals will have more stages in common than between mammals and fish | Embryology |
| Homologous structures have anatomical similarities because they came from a common ancestor even though they may have different uses | Comparative Anatomy |
| Bat wing and human hand | Comparative Anatomy |
| Comparison of gene sequences can reveal similarities | Biochemistry |
| Key Points of Darwin's Natural Selection: | Genetic variation, Populations, Competition, Survival of the Fittest, Genes, Evolution |
| Leads to a variety of physical and behavioral phenotypes | Genetic variation |
| Have large reproductive potential and more offspring are produced than can survive | Populations |
| _______ for limited resources to survive | Competition |
| Individuals who's traits favor their success are more likely to survive and reproduce while those with poor traits are selected out | Survival of the Fittest |
| Advantageous traits are passed to the next generation where they will benefit these offspring if conditions remain the same | Genes |
| Occurs when alleles for the advantageous traits increase as those for the poor traits decrease, thus changing allelic frequencies for a population | Evolution |
Created by:
AliRutherford
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