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Test 3.2

Protein Synthesis and Cell Division

QuestionAnswer
Gene a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring
Translation the process by which a sequence of nucleotide triplets in a messenger RNA molecule gives rise to a specific sequence of amino acids during synthesis of a polypeptide or protein
Messenger RNA the form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome.
Transfer RNA RNA consisting of folded molecules that transport amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome.
Transcription the process by which genetic information represented by a sequence of DNA nucleotides is copied into newly synthesized molecules of RNA, with the DNA serving as a template.
Translation the process by which a sequence of nucleotide triplets in a messenger RNA molecule gives rise to a specific sequence of amino acids during synthesis of a polypeptide or protein.
Codons a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
Ribosomal RNA ribosomal RNA
Cell division the division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material.
Diploid Number the number of chromosomes present in the body cells of a diploid organism.
Autosomes any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
Mitosis a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth. Compare with meiosis .
Replication the process by which genetic material or a living organism gives rise to a copy of itself
Interphase the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.
Chromatin the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.
Stages of mitosis prophase metaphase anaphase telophase
prophase the first stage of cell division, before metaphase, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears. The first prophase of meiosis includes the reduction division.
metaphase the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers.
anaphase the stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.
telophase the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.
meiosis a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes.
stages in meiosis the same as mitosis on doubled
Haploid (of a cell or nucleus) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
Created by: reuvers248
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