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CH9 Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nutrients | Substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all its essential processes. |
| calorie | the amount of energy a food can release |
| carbohydrate | a nutrient; a major source of energy; provides raw materials to make cell parts |
| glucose | a sugar; major source of energy for your body's cells |
| fat | a nutrient; provides energy; forms part of the cell membrane, supports internal organs, and insulates body |
| protein | a nutrient; needed for tissue growth and repair |
| amino acid | makes up proteins |
| vitamin | a nutrient; helper molecules in a variety of chemical reactions in the body |
| mineral | nutrients that are not made by the body |
| Food Guide Pyramid | made up of 6 groups; helps you to plan a healthy diet; contains number of daily servings for each group |
| Percent Daily Value | A value that shows how the nutritional content of one serving of food fits into the diet of a person who consumes 2,000 calories a day. |
| Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) | Guidelines that show the amounts of nutrients needed everyday. |
| digestion | process of your body breaking down food |
| absorption | process of nutrient molecules passing through the wall of your digestive system into your blood |
| saliva | begins the process of chemical digestion in your mouth; breaks down starches |
| enzyme | proteins that speed up chemical reactions |
| epiglottis | flap of tissue that seals off your windpipe to prevent you from choking |
| esophagus | muscular tube that connects your mouth to your stomach |
| mucus | thick, slippery substance that makes food easier to swallow |
| peristalsis | involuntary waves of muscle contractions that move food towards the stomach |
| stomach | j-shaped muscular pouch where most mechanical digestions occurs |
| small intestine | most chemical digestion occurs here; small diameter, but long in length |
| liver | largest organ in the body; produces bile |
| bile | breaks up fat particles |
| gallbladder | organ that stores bile |
| pancreas | produces enzymes that flow into the small intestines and help break down starches, proteins, and fats |
| villus | tiny finger-like structures that line the small intestines; helps increase rate of absorption |
| large intestine | where water is absorbed into the bloodstream; contains bacteria |
| rectum | the end of the large intestine where waste is compacted into solid form |
| anus | muscular opening at the end of the rectum where waste is eliminated from |
Created by:
nicholas_tisci
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