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Mr. WillsPH Chapt 10
Mr. Wills PH Ch10 Movement of Earth's Crust
| Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
| stress | forces that push or pull on the crust of earth, causing deformation. |
| deformation | the breaking, tilting,and folding of rocks |
| compression | type of pressure that pushes rocks together |
| tension | type of force that pulls rocks apart |
| shearing | type of force that pushes rocks in two opposite horizontal directions |
| fracture | a break or crack in a rock, crust, or mineral |
| fault | a crack or break along whichrocks move |
| hanging wall | the block above the fault |
| foot | the block below that fault; look for the shape that is longer on the bottom just like your foot |
| normal fault | is the result of a tension stress. The hanging block will fall (normally) with gravity |
| reverse fault | when compression is acting on a fault and the hanging wall rises over the foot wall |
| thrust fault | a special type of thrust fault when the hanging wall goes over the foot wall. It will put older sedimentary rocks on top of younger rocks. |
| joint | a split in a rock along which there is no movement |
| lateral fault | a fault in which the blocks move in opposite directions in a horizontal direction. |
| fault block mountains | when a block between two normal faults is pushed up to form a mountain; Cofdilleran Mountains |
| rift valley | when the block between two normal faults falls to form a valley; Death Valley |
| folding | when rock wrinkles like a rug pushed across the floor this only happens at extreme temperatures and pressure |
| ductility | the ability of a substance to bend with out braking or faulting |
| brittle | property of a rock that breaks rather than folds |
| syncline | the U shape in a fold of rock they can be as large as mountains or microscopic. |
| anticline | the upside down U fold in folding; the top |
| plateau | a raised portion of rock in which the sedimentary rock layers remain flat |
| sedimentary rock | rock that forms in horizontal layers from the cementing together of eroded igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rock. |
| igneous | rocks formed from cooled magma or lava |
| metamorphic rock | igneous or sedimentary rock that has changed form because of pressure, temperature, or a chemical reaction |
| age of rock | in sedimentary rock the newest rock is the layers closest to the surface. Igneous rock that has not been eroded tends to be younger rock |
| Dome | a mountain formed by magma pushing up a bubble in the earth's crust, this bubble cools into a rock called granite. |
| isostasy | the balance between the downword push of the crust and whatever is on it and the upward push of the mantle below |
| subduction | when one plate goes under another tectonic plate |
| mid ocean floor spreading | this is what causes compression; new material is being added between plates forcing the plates into other plates. The Atlantic ocean is getting larger and the Pacific Ocean is getting smaller because of this. |
Created by:
mrwillsshs
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