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chapter 6 photosynth
Bio 20
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| photon | a packet of light |
| chloroplast | a membrane-bound organelle in green plant and algal cells that carries out photosynthesis |
| stroma | the protein-rich semiliquid material in the interior of a chloroplast |
| thylakoid | a system of interconnected flattened membrane sacs forming a separate compartment within the stroma of a chloroplast |
| grana | (singular:lamella) groups of unstacked thylakoids between grana |
| thylakoid membrane | the photosyntheic membrane within a chloroplast that contains light-gathering pigment molecules and electron transport chains |
| thylakoid lumen | the fluid-filled space inside a thylakoid |
| ATP | A molecule containing three high-energy phosphate bonds that acts as the primary energy-transferring molecule in living organisms |
| ADP | a molecule containing two high-energy phosphate bonds that may be formed by breaking one of the phosphate bonds in ATP |
| NADP+ | a compound that accepts one hydrogen atom and two electrons,forming NADPH;is an electron acceptor |
| NADPH | a compound that donates one hydrogen atom and two electrons to another molecule,to reform NADP+; is an electron donor |
| light-depentdent reactions | the first set of reactions of photosyntheis in which light energy excites electrons in chlorophyll molecules, powers chemiosmotic ATP synthesis, and results in the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH |
| carbon fixation | the process of incorporating CO2 into carbohydrate molecules |
| calvin cycle | a cyclic set of reactions occurring in the stroma of chloroplast that fixes the carbon of c02 into carbohydrate molecules and recycles coenzymes |
| light-independent reactions | the second set of reactions in photosynthesis (the calvin cycle); these reactions do not reguire solar energy |
| photosystem | a cluster of photosynthetic pigments embedded in a thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that absorbs light energy |
| electron transport chain | a series of progrssively stronger electron acceptors; each time an electron is transferred,energy is released |
| photolysis | a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down by light;in photosynthesis,water molecules are split by photolysis |
| oxidation | a reaction in which an atom or molecule loses electrons |
| reduction | a reaction in which an atom or molecule gains electrons |
| ATP synthase complex | a specialized protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane that allows H+ ions to escape from the lumen and uses the resulting energy to generate ATP |
| photon | a packet of light |
| chloroplast | a membrane-bound organelle in green plant and algal cells that carries out photosynthesis |
| stroma | the protein-rich semiliquid material in the interior of a chloroplast |
| thylakoid | a system of interconnected flattened membrane sacs forming a separate compartment within the stroma of a chloroplast |
| grana | (singular:lamella) groups of unstacked thylakoids between grana |
| thylakoid membrane | the photosyntheic membrane within a chloroplast that contains light-gathering pigment molecules and electron transport chains |
| thylakoid lumen | the fluid-filled space inside a thylakoid |
| ATP | A molecule containing three high-energy phosphate bonds that acts as the primary energy-transferring molecule in living organisms |
| ADP | a molecule containing two high-energy phosphate bonds that may be formed by breaking one of the phosphate bonds in ATP |
| NADP+ | a compound that accepts one hydrogen atom and two electrons,forming NADPH;is an electron acceptor |
| NADPH | a compound that donates one hydrogen atom and two electrons to another molecule,to reform NADP+; is an electron donor |
| light-depentdent reactions | the first set of reactions of photosyntheis in which light energy excites electrons in chlorophyll molecules, powers chemiosmotic ATP synthesis, and results in the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH |
| carbon fixation | the process of incorporating CO2 into carbohydrate molecules |
| calvin cycle | a cyclic set of reactions occurring in the stroma of chloroplast that fixes the carbon of c02 into carbohydrate molecules and recycles coenzymes |
| light-independent reactions | the second set of reactions in photosynthesis (the calvin cycle); these reactions do not reguire solar energy |
| photosystem | a cluster of photosynthetic pigments embedded in a thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that absorbs light energy |
| electron transport chain | a series of progrssively stronger electron acceptors; each time an electron is transferred,energy is released |
| photolysis | a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down by light;in photosynthesis,water molecules are split by photolysis |
| oxidation | a reaction in which an atom or molecule loses electrons |
| reduction | a reaction in which an atom or molecule gains electrons |
| ATP synthase complex | a specialized protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane that allows H+ ions to escape from the lumen and uses the resulting energy to generate ATP |
| chemiosmosis | a process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme |
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texas_cf
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