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APES Earth Science

Lytle APES Earth Science

QuestionAnswer
Cinder cone A cone-shaped volcano formed from lava fragments that have been ejected from a volcanic vent.
Composite volcano A volcano made of layers of hardened lava flows and pyroclastic materials.
Continental drift A hypothesis that Earth's continents move on Earth's surface.
Convergent plate boundary A boundary between two plates that are moving towards each other.
Crust The very thin outer layer of Earth above the mantle, compound of rigid layer of lighter rocks that can extend 65 kilometers at its deepest point.
Divergent plate boundary A boundary between two lithospheric plates that are moving apart.
Earthquake A shaking of Earth's crust caused by a release of energy.
Epicenter The point on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
Erosion The removal and transport of materials by natural agents such as wind and running water.
Focus The point at which the first movement occurs during an earthquake.
Geology Study of Earth's surface and interior.
Inner core The solid innermost layer of Earth, composed of iron and nickel under extremely high pressure and temperature.
Lava Magma that reaches Earth's surface.
Lithosphere The outer shell of the Earth consisting of the crust and uppermost portions of the mantle.
Magma The hot molten rock that forms beneath Earth's surface.
Mantle The thickest of Earth's layers, located between the outer core and Earth's crust, composed mostly of compounds rich in iron, silicon, and magnesium.
Modified Mercalli Scale A scale used to measure the intensity of an earthquake, which is the effect of an earthquake on the Earth's surface.
Normal fault A fault in which the hanging wall moves down with respect to the footwall.
Outer core The layer of Earth's interior located between the inner core and mantle, composed of iron and nickel in a liquid state.
Plate tectonics The theory that the lithosphere is made of plates that move and interact with each other at their boundaries.
Pyroclastic flow A dense, superheated cloud of gases and pyroclastic materials that moves rapidly downhill from an erupting volcano.
Pyroclastic material Solid rock fragments that are ejected during a volcanic eruption.
Reverse fault A fault where the hanging wall moves up with respect to the footwall.
Richter scale A numerical description of an earthquake's magnitude.
Seismograph An instrument that detects and records waves produced by earthquakes.
Shield volcano A shield-shaped volcano with a broad base and gently sloping sides that is made of basaltic lava.
Stratovolcano Steep, conical volcanoes built by the eruption of viscous lava flows, tephra, and pyroclastic flows. Also called a composite volcano. They are often have multiple vents, and some may result in the formation of cinder cones.
Strike-slip fault A fault where the rocks on opposite sides of the fault plane move horizontally.
Subduction Process in which crust plunges back into the interior of the Earth.
Subduction zone A convergent boundary where an oceanic plate is plunging beneath another, overriding plate.
Tectonic plate One of the moving, irregularly shaped slabs that make up the Earth's lithosphere.
Transform plate boundary A boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other.
Tsunami A large ocean wave that results from an underwater earthquake, landslide, or volcanic eruption.
Volcano An opening in Earth's crust through that molten rock, gases, and ash erupt; also, the landform that develops around this opening.
Weathering The breakup of rock due to exposure to processes that occur at or near Earth's surface.
Created by: jdlytle
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