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Chapter 6 Vocab
list of vocab from chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reduction Reaction | Electrons added, creates more energy |
| Oxidation Reaction | Electrons removed, less energy |
| Ion Gradient | When Ion concentration is higher on one side of the membrane than the other |
| Photosynthesis | In plants and some bacteria, utilizes energy from the sun for Electron Transport Chain, which makes ATP and NADH |
| Free Energy | Energy used to do work (G) |
| Enzyme | Proteins, catlysts, increase rate of reaction, not used up in reaction, lower activation energy |
| Substrate | Fits on active site on enzyme |
| Exergonic | Energy Release, G is negative, can occur spontaneously |
| Endergonic | Energy must be input for reaction to happen, G is positive |
| Transition State | Substrates go through activated transition state (intermediate) where G (free energy)stage is higher than that of the reactants |
| Activation energy | Energy that must be added for a reaction to proceed |
| Active site | On enzyme, location where reaction takes place, lowers activation energy |
| Induced Fit Model | When something binds to enzyme, it will change the shape of the enzyme |
| Optimum Ph | The Ph at which an enzyme performs a reaction at the maximum rate |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy associated with movement |
| Prosthetic Groups | Small organic molecule permanently bound to enzyme, may be required to uphold the protein shape, or may be required in the reaction |
| Coenzyme | Small organic Molecule bound temporarily to enzyme, may be required to uphold the protein shape, or may be required in the reaction |
| Inhibitor | Molecule or ion that binds to enzyme, decreasing activity |
| Competitive Inhibitor | Binds to active site, must resemble substrate, if it binds, substrate can’t bind, NO REACTION |
| Noncompetitive Inhibitor | Binds noncovalently at Allosteric Site, not competitive |
| Catalytic subunit | contains the active site and performs chemical reaction |
| Regulatory subunit | contains the allosteric site and regulates enzyme activity |
| Allosteric Regulation | Noncompetitive inhibition, used to regulate enzymes in pathways |
| Feedback Inhibition | When something made at the end of a pathway binds to an enzyme at the beginning of the pathway and makes it inactive, type of allosteric inhibition |
| Regulatory subunit | part of the enzyme that controls whether the enzyme is active or inactive |
| Effector | small molecule that controls the activity of the enzyme |
Created by:
cekazmer
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