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ch11 jamal1
words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ch. 11 & 12 STUDY NOTES | |
| Atoms= make up everything | |
| Parts of an atom= nucleus (protons & neutrons) | |
| Protons= (+) charge (positive charge) | |
| Neutron= have no charge | |
| Opposites attract= + attracts – vice versa | |
| Electrons= (-) charge (negative charge) | |
| Mass of electron= is smaller than the mass of protons or neutrons | |
| Electron cloud= makes up most of the volume of an atom | |
| Electrons, protons, and neutrons= make up the atom (subatomic particles) | |
| Element= is a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means | |
| Pure substance= matter that has the same composition throughout and cannot be separated into its parts by physical means | |
| There are more than 100 different kinds of atoms= (about 90 of the elements are found in nature) | |
| Examples or a natural elements= carbon, oxygen, gold, silver, and iron | |
| Atom= is the smallest unit of an element that has the properties, or characteristics, of that element | |
| Molecule= is a group of two or more atoms held together by very strong chemical bonds | |
| A molecule= can be made up of more than one atom of the same element | |
| Example= molecule in oxygen gas contains two atoms of oxygen | |
| Compound= pure substances made up of two or more different elements that are chemically joined | |
| Elements= are always found in the same portion | |
| Example= table salt has the chemical formula NaCl | |
| This compound= always has exactly one atom of sodium (Na) and one atom of chlorine (Cl) | |
| Elements, compounds, and mixtures= are identified and represented by chemical formulas | |
| Periodic table of elements= presents and organs information about all the elements | |
| Each element= has a box in the periodic table that contains information specific to that element | |
| First letter= always capital in box of elements | |
| Atomic number= identifies the number of protons in the nucleus of one atom of an element | |
| Atomic mass= the weighted average of the masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element | |
| The periodic table= is a useful model that can help you understand the properties of elements | |
| Horizontal row= in the table is called a period | |
| Periods are numbered 1-7 | |
| Vertical row= in the table is called a group | |
| Groups are numbered 1-18 | |
| Periods are numbered 1-7 | |
| Metals= more than 75% of the elements in the periodic table are metals | |
| Metal properties= metals are usually shiny, malleable, ductile, and are usually slid at room temperature and good conductors of heat and electricity | |
| Nonmetals= are elements that are not metals | |
| Nonmetal properties= some are gases but the solid ones have these properties, usually dull in appearance, brittle, and poor conductors of heat and electricity | |
| Metalloids= substances that have some characteristics of both metals and nonmetals | |
| Metalloid properties= semi-conductors | |
| Chemical property= characteristic that determines how a substance will interact with other substances during a chemical reaction | |
| Observing chemicals= you cannot observe a chemical property of a substance without changing the substance | |
| Reactivity= describes how likely an element is to react and form bonds with other elements | |
| Ion= is an atom that has a positive or negative charge | |
| Ions form= when atoms gain or lose electrons | |
| Inert=unable to react chemically | |
| Halogens=the most reactive nonmetals | |
| Alkali Metals= the elements in group 1 of the periodic table, they are the most reactive metals | |
| Alkaline-earth metals= the elements in group 2 of the periodic table, they are reactive but are less reactive than alkaline metals | |
| Transition Metals= do not give away electrons as easily as atoms of the groups 1 and 2 metals do, making them less reactive then alkali and alkaline-earth metals | |
| Boron Group= one metalloid and four metals, somewhat reactive | |
| Carbon Group= one nonmetal, two metalloids and two metals reactivity varies amongst the elements | |
| Nitrogen Group= two nonmetals, two metalloids and one metal varies among the elements | |
| Oxygen Group= three nonmetals, one metalloid, and one metal reactive | |
| Halogens= are very reactive nonmetals because of their atoms need to gain only one electron to have a complete outer level | |
| Noble Gases= are unreactive nonmetals | |
| Hydrogen= nonmetal that is reactive |
Created by:
PhySciLewis1
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