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Fundamentals Of Nur
Potter/Perry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| serum electrolytes | Routinely ordered for any client admitted to a hospital as a screening test for electrolyte and acid-base imbalances |
| Most common ordered serum electrolytes are: | sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate ions |
| is the end product of protein metabolism | urea |
| produced by the muscle and excreted through the kidneys; relates to renal function | Creatinine |
| normal Sodium Levels | 135-145 mEq/L |
| Normal Potassium Levels | : 3.5-5.0 mEq/L |
| Normal Chloride Levels | 95-105 mEq/L |
| Normal Calcium Levels | 4.5-5.5 mEq/L |
| Normal magnesium levels | 1.5-2.5 mEq/L |
| Normal phosphate levels | 1.8-2.6 mEq/L |
| Hemoglobin A1c | Glycosylated hemoglobin Reflection of how well blood glucose levels have been controlled during the prior 3-4 months Normal range is 4.0-5.5% Elevation reflects hyperglycemia in diabetics |
| capillary blood specimen | is often taken to measure blood glucose when frequent tests are required or when a venipuncture cannot be performed |
| capillary blood specimen | commonly obtained from the lateral aspect or side of the finger in adults |
| guiac test | is used to detect occult blood in stool |
| 1.010-1.025 Is an indicator of urine concentration or the amount of solutes present in the urine More concentrated urine, it increases | specific gravity |
| average Urine pH | 6 |
| Normal findings of glucose in urine | negative |
| normal findings of ketones in urine | negative |
| Always an indicator of damage to kidneys or urinary tract | blood in the urine |
| How do you collect a Sputum sample? | Clients need to cough to bring sputum up from the lungs, bronchi and trachea into the mouth in order to expectorate it into a collecting container |
| Sputum specimens are usually collected for the following reasons (4) | For culture and sensitivity For cytology to identify the origin, structure, function and pathology of cells For acid-fast bacillus To assess the effectiveness of therapy |
| is collected from the mucosa of the oropharynx and tonsillar regions using a culture swab. | throat culture |
| Use this method to test for strep throat | throat culture |
| invasive, techniques for visualizing body organ and system functions | direct visualization |
| viewing of the anal canal | anoscopy |
| viewing of the rectum | proctoscopy |
| viewing the large intestine | colonoscopy |
| Used to viualise any obstructions/strictures in urinary system | KUB |
| Intravenous pyelography | radiographic study used to evaluate the urinary tract |
| the bladder, ureteral oraffices and urethra can be directly visualized using a | cytoscope |
| provides a graphic recording of the heart’s electrical activity | Electrocardiography |
| used to detect dysrhythmias, and alterations in conduction indicative of myocardial damage, enlargement of the heart, or drug effects | Electrocardiogram (ECG) |
| a radiopaque dye is injected into the vessels to be examined; assess flow through the vessels to see areas of narrowing or blockage | angiography |
| a noninvasive test that uses ultrasound to visualize structures of the heart and evaluate left ventricular function | Echocardiogram |
| is a noninvasive diagnostic scanning technique in which the client is placed in a magnetic field; there is no exposure to radiation | MRI |
| is a painless, noninvasive x-ray procedure that has the unique capability of distinguishing minor differences in the density of tissues | CT |
| is the withdrawal of fluid that has abnormally collected or to obtain a specimen | aspiration |
| the removal and examination of tissue | biopsy |
| cerebropsinal fluid is withdrawn through a needle inserted into the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae | Lumbar puncture |
| After the procedure, make sure the patient lies flat for 1-12 hours and monitor for headache, bleeding or swelling at puncture site; any numbness, tingling, or pain radiating down the legs | Lumbar puncture |
Created by:
fineva6782
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