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biology chpt2 test

QuestionAnswer
Covalent Bonds Share a pair of electrons, are found in the organic molecules.
Ionic Bonds Transfer electrons.
What is stronger Covalent Bonds or Ionic Bonds? Covalent Bonds.
What makes water? The unequal sharing of electrons between electron hydrogen and oxygen.
What is hydrogen bonding? A very weak bond that occurs between hydrogen and another element.
Mayor role of proteins. Structural support and controlling the rate of reactions through thru use of enzymes.
What is catalyst, how do they impact the rate of reaction and why? Is something that speeds up the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation of energy, they are not change by the reaction.
What are enzymes? Catalyst in living things, most are proteins.
Enzyme activity Are like locks because they have a specific shape. Substrates are like keys because they fit into specific enzymes just like keys fit into specific locks.
What affect enzyme activity? Environmental factors (temperature and pH) inhibitors, and co-factors and co-enzymes.
Environmental. The pH and temperature. -Enzymes like a pH of around 6-8 (neutral).
Inhibitors. Can be competitive or non-competitive. They either block the substrate of the entering the active site or change the structure of the enzyme so the enzyme and the substrate no longer fits.
Co-factors and co-enzymes. Things that some enzymes need to function. If they can't get them, the enzymes will not function.
Protons Located in the nucleus, the charge is +1 and the mass is 1.
Neutrons Located in the nucleus, don't have charge and the mass is 1.
Electrons Located in the ring surrounding the nucleus, the charge is -1 and the mass is 0.
The PEN for Mg P=12, E=12 and N=12
The PEN for F P=9, E=9 and N=10
The atoms from an element become Ions When they gain or lose and electron. It has a charge. Elements want 8 electrons on their outer energy level.
What happens if Fluorine gained an electron? It would have a negative charge because there would be more electrons than protons, so it would be an ion because it has a charge.
pH of tomato juice 4.
pH of water Around 7.
How much greater is he hydrogen ion concentration in tomato juice than in water? It increases 10 times between each number on the pH scale so that is 10.10.10 which is 1000.
Inorganic molecules Don't contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen at the same time.
Organic molecules Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Name the classes of the organic molecules Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Lipids.
Nucleic Acids Store and transfer information.
Carbohydrates Main energy source for living things.
Proteins Used for structural support and they control reactions.
Lipids Used for cell membrane.
Atoms present in carbohydrates CHO
Atoms present in Lipids CHO
Atoms present in Proteins CHON
Atoms present in Nucleic Acids CHONP
The monomer and polymer for the organic compound Carbohydrates Monomer= Glucose, Polymer= Starch
The monomer and polymer for the organic compound Lipids Monomer= Triglyceride, Polymer= Part of cell membrane.
The monomer and polymer for the organic compound Proteins Monomer= One amino acid (peptide), Polymer= Polypeptide.
The monomer and polymer for the organic compound Nucleic Acids Monomer= ATP, Polymer= DNA, RNA.
How competitive inhibitors work? Look like the specif substrate and get to the enzyme before the substrate and block the active site so the substrate can not enter.
How noncompetitive inhibitors work? Bind onto an enzyme at a place other than the active site. This causes the enzyme to change shape so the substrate no longer fits into the enzyme.
Enzymes Have specific structures that allow them to function.
Enzymes will not function properly if The structure changes, then the substrate will no longer fit
How do environmental factors impact the relationship between structure and function in enzymes? Can change the structure. If the pH is too acidic or basic, or if the temperature changes dramatically. The function best in a pH of 6-5 (neutral).
Endothermic reactions Absorb more energy than they release.
Exothermic reactions Release more energy than they absorb.
How you can account for the great number, size, and complexity of organic compounds? Because of carbon. Since carbon can form different 4 bonds, it creates different shapes.
Created by: mamina6
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