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Practical Set 2
Appendicular Skeleton
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pectoral girdle | 2 pectoral girdles, each attaches an upper limb to the axial skeleton- composed of a scapula and a clavical |
| clavicle | collar bone |
| sternal end of clavicle | blunt, medial end |
| acromial end of clavicle | broader, flat, roughened, lateral end |
| scapula | shoulder blade |
| spine of scapula | sharp ridge located on posterior side |
| acromion of scapula | flattened process at lateral end of spine |
| glenoid cavity of scapula | depression inferior to acromion |
| coracoid process of scapula | superior and medial to glenoid cavity; projects anteriorly |
| supraspinous fossa of scapula | depression superior to spine |
| infraspinous fossa of scapula | depression inferior to spine |
| subscapular fossa of scapula | depression on anterior surface of scapula |
| later or axillary border of scapula | margin near axilla |
| medial of vertebral border of scapula | margin near vertebral column |
| humerus | arm bone |
| head of humerus | rounded, proximal end |
| anatomical neck of humerus | constriction immediately distal to head |
| greater tubercle of h | lateral projection distal to anatomical neck |
| lesser tubercle of h | smaller, anterior projection distal to anatomical neck |
| intertubercular sulcus of h | groove between the two tubercles |
| surgical neck of h | constriction distal to the tubercles |
| deltoid tuberosity of h | raised area on lateral side between the proximal and distal ends of humerus |
| trochlea of h | spool-shaped medial condyle on distal end |
| capitulum of h | rounded, knob-like condyle lateral to trochlea |
| medial epicondyle of h | rough projection above trochlea |
| lateral epicondyle of h | rough projection above capitulum; smaller than medial epicondyle |
| radial fossa of h | anterior depression that receives the radial head with flexed forearm |
| coronoid fossa of h | shallow anterior depression on distal end |
| olecranon fossa of h | largest depression on posterior, distal end |
| ulna | medial bone of forearm |
| olecranon of u | large, curved, lip-like projection on posterior side of proximal end |
| coronoid process of u | smaller, curved, lip-like projection on anterior side of proximal end; distal to olecranon |
| trochlear notch of u | deep, curved area between olecranon and coronoid process |
| styloid process of u | slender, pointed projection on distal end |
| radial notch of u | depression on proximal end where head of radium articulates with ulna |
| radius | lateral bone of forearm |
| head of r | flat, disc-shaped proximal end |
| radial tuberosity | rough, anterior projection on medial side just distal to the head |
| styloid process of r | slender, pointed projection; distal end |
| shoulder joint | connects the upper limb to the pectoral girdle is formed by the head of the humerus articulating with the glenoid cavity of the scapula |
| elbow joint | formed by the articulation of the coronoid process and olecranon process of the ulna into the coronoid and olecranon fossae of the humerus and the trochlea of the humerus with the trochlear notch of the ulna |
| carpal bones | carpus is composed of 8 short bones of the wrist, they are lined up from proximal to distal row of bones, articulate with the radius but not the ulna |
| metacarpal bones | make up the palm of the hand number I-V starting with the thumb |
| phalanges | numbered I to V from thumb proximal, middle, and distal phalanges |
| pelvic girdle | composed of 2 hip bones called ossa coxae that attach the lower limb to the axial skeleton |
| os coxa | formed by the fusion of 3 separate bones, the illium, ishium, and pubis |
| ilium | largest and most superior of the three components of ox coxa |
| iliac crest | superior border or ilium |
| ischium | inferior, posterior portion of os coxa |
| ischial tuberosity | large, roughened projection on posterior and inferior edge |
| lesser sciatic notch | smaller indentation between ischial spine and ischial tuberosity |
| pubis | anterior inferior portion of os coxa |
| pubic symphysis | joint where the two pubic bones join anteriorly |
| acetabulum | deep indentation, or cup, for head of the femur |
| obturator foramen | largest foramen in the skeleton |
| femur | thigh bone |
| head of f | large, rounded, knob-like proximal end |
| neck of f | narrower, constriction distal to head |
| greater trochanter of f | large and roughened superior projection; lateral to neck |
| lesser trochanter of f | smaller, posterior-medial prominence distal to greater trochanter |
| medial condyle of f | rounded, medial process on posterior side of distal end |
| lateral condyle of f | similar to medial condyle on lateral side |
| intercondylar fossa of f | deep fossa between medial and lateral condyles |
| medial epicondyle of f | bump-like projection superior to medial condyle |
| lateral epicondyle of f | bump-like projection superior to lateral condyle; a little smaller |
| gluteal tuberosity of f | posterior surface of body of femur, roughened projection inferior to lesser trochanter |
| linea aspera of f | vertical ridge on posterior surface |
| patella | kneecap |
| tibia | leg bone |
| medial condyle of t | flattened, expanded medial projection on proximal end |
| lateral condyle of t | similar to medial condyle on lateral side |
| tibial tuberosity of t | large, roughened projection on anterior sufrace, inferior to condyles |
| anterior border (crest) of t | slender ridge on anterior surface, shin |
| medial malleolus of t | medial process on distal end, forms medial bump of ankle |
| fibula | lateral leg bone |
| lateral malleoulus | distal end and articulates with the talus laterally- forms lateral bump of ankle |
| head of fibula | proximal end |
| hip or coxal joints | formed y the acetabulum articulating with the head of the femur to form a ball-and-socket joint |
| knee joint | formed by the articulation of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur with the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia |
| tarsus | ankle |
| calcaneus | heel bone |
| talus | ankle bone- articulates with the medial malleolus of the tibia and lateral malleolus of the fibula |
| metatarsus | composed of 5 metatarsal bones numbered I to V from the great toe |
| phalanges (toes) | numbered I to V from great toe- proximal and distal digits I to V have 3 bones proximal, middle, and distal |
Created by:
jwilcox2
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