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Final Review Cushing
Review Open Chapter 2, 3 ,4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | The smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm. |
| Stimulus | Anything that causes a reaction or change in an organism or any part of an organism. |
| Homeostasis | The maintenance of a constant internal stale in a changing environment. |
| Sexual Reproduction | Reproduction in which the set cells from two parents unite, producing offspring that share traits from both parents. |
| Asexual Reproduction | Reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells and in which one parent produces offspring identical to itself. |
| Metabolism | the sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism |
| Heredity | the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
| Producer | an organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings |
| Consumer | an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter |
| Decomposer | an organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and consuming or absorbing the nutrients |
| Protein | molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body |
| Carbohydrate | class of energy giving nutrients that includes sugars, starches, and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| Lipid | a type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water; fats and steroids are lipids |
| Phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorous and that is a structural component in cell membranes |
| ATP | Adenosine TriPhosphate, a molecule that acts as the main energy source for all cell processes |
| Nucleic Acid | a molecule made up of subunits called nucleotides |
| What are the characteristics of living things? | -Made up of cells -Sense and respond to change -Reproduce -Have DNA -Use Energy -Grow and develop |
| What is the difference between Asexual Reproduction and Sexual Reproduction? | -Asexual Reproduction requires only one parent to produce offspring. The offspring is a copy of the one single parent. -Sexual Reproduction requires two parents to produce offspring. The offspring has traits from both parents. |
| What is Growth? What is Development? | -Growth involves change in size -Development is a change in form |
| Where do organisms store energy? | lipids |
| What is the molecule that contains the information about how to make proteins? | DNA |
| What are the subunits of nucleic acids? | nucleotides |
| Why do living things require air? | Living things need air because they use gases in air in the chemical processes that release energy from food |
| What is ATP? | ATP is a molecule that is the major energy carrying molecule that helps provide fuel for cellular activities |
| What can sunlight be? | -a stimulus |
| What are living things made up of? | cells |
| When do green organisms convert the energy in sunlight to energy stored in food? | during photosynthesis |
| What are two things food gives organisms? | food gives organisms energy and raw materials needed to carry out life processes |
| What are compounds that make up proteins? | amino acids |
| What is an example of simple carbohydrate? | table sugar |
| What are molecules that form much of the cell membrane called? | phospholipid |
| Osmosis is important to cells because? | cells are filled with fluids that are mostly water. |
| Cellular respiration is the process by which? | cells use oxygen to produce energy from food. |
| One type of fermentation in muscle cells produces? | lactic acid |
| A cell does not need to use energy during | diffusion |
| Cellular respiration allows an organism to get energy from | food |
| What do materials go in and out of an organism's cell though? | cell membranes |
| Moving materials through a cell membrane by active transport requires the use of | energy |
| Which type of cells contain more DNA? | prokaryotic cells |
| The process of chromosome separation. | mitosis |
| What limits most cells to a very small size? | the surface area to volume ratio of the cell. |
| A structure that performs a specific function in the cells | organelle |
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