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ch.4 cells
cell structure and function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Whats the cell theory? | every living organism is made of 1 or more cells, single cells are smallest organisms and are functional units of multicellulars, all cells come from other cells |
| What do cells exchange with the environment? | nutrients and wastes |
| what are all cells common features? | plasma membrane, cytoplasm, dna, metabolism, ribosomes |
| what does the cell membrane(plasma membrane) do? | encloses the cell and allows interactions between the cell and its environment |
| What does cytoplasm consist? | all fluid and structures inside cell membrane and out of nucleus |
| where do most cells metabolic activities occur? | cytoplasm |
| what do cells use dna for? | hereditary blueprint |
| whats rna for? | copy blueprint and guide construction of proteins |
| whats metabolism? | chemical reactions in a cell that store or release energy |
| what do ribisomes do? | make proteins |
| what are the 2 main types of cells? | prokaryotic(before nuclues) and eukaryotic(true nuclues) |
| what are the bodies of prokaryotic cells? | bacteria and archae |
| what are the bodies of eukaryotic cells? | animals, plants, fungi and protists |
| what are the surface features of prokaryotic cells? | adhesive capsules, slime layers and pili |
| whats the size of most prokaryotic cells? | 5 micrometers |
| prokaryotic cells usually have what? | cell wall |
| what are the 3 shapes a prokaryotic cell can take? | rod shaped, spiral shaped, spherical |
| what holds the dna in a prokaryotic cell? | nucleoid |
| what do prokaryotic cells have that capture light? | photosynthetic membranes |
| what does a cytoskeleton do in a eukaryotic cell? | shapes and organizes cytoplasm |
| only some eukaryotic cells have what? | cell walls |
| what are some differences between animal and plant cells? | cell wall-plant=yes animal=no plants have central vacuole and plastids animals=centrioles, vesicles, food vacuoles and cilia |
| what do cilia and flagella do? | move cell thru liquied or move liquid past cell |
| what are the 3 major parts of a nucleus? | nuclear envelope, chromatic, nucleolus |
| what does nucleus contain? | chromatin |
| whats chromatin when its compacted? | chromosomes |
| what is the nucleolus site for? | ribosome synthesis |
| what are ribosomes? | site of protein synthesis |
| what does the eukaryotic cell's membrane system include? | plasma membrane, nuclear membrane, er, golgi, lysosomes, vesicles, vacuoles |
| what are vesicles? | membranous sacs that transport substances |
| whats the er? | interconnected membranes(labyrinth like) synthesizes proteins and phospholipids |
| whats the dif between smooth er and rough er? | smooth=no ribosomes, detoxifies drugs, synthesizes lipids rough=ribosomes,proteins |
| whats the role of the golgi? | sorts, chemically alters and packages molecules |
| what are lysosomes? | digestion membranes with enzymes |
| what are contractile vacuoles? | get rid of water |
| what do vacuoles do? | digest,rid waste |
| what does the mitochondria do? | produce energy, recycle and decompose |
| what do plastids do? | contain pigments in plant cells |
| whats the endosymbiont hypothesis? | mitochondria and chloroplast came from same prokarytotic cell |
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