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DoyleCells
Review for Chapter 2 Test. Doyle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a cell? | The smallest unit that can perform all life processes; covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm. |
| What is stimulus? | Anything that causes a reaction or change in an organism or any part of an organism. |
| What is homeostasis? | The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment. |
| What is sexual reproduction? | Reproduction in which the sex cells from two parents unite producing offspring that share traits from both parents. |
| What is asexual reproduction? | Reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells and in which one parent produces offspring identical to itself. |
| What is heredity? | The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring. |
| What is metabolism? | The sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism. |
| What is a producer? | An organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings. |
| What is a consumer? | An organism that eats other organisms or organic matter. |
| What is a decomposer? | An organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and consuming or absorbing the nutrients. |
| What is protein? | A molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body. |
| What is a carbohydrate? | A class of energy-giving nutrients that includes sugars, starches and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. |
| What is a lipid? | A type of biochemical that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes. |
| What is a phospholipid? | A lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes. |
| What is ATP? | Adenosine TriPhosphate; a molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes. |
| What is nucleic acid? | A molecule made up of subunits called nucleotides. |
| What are the characteristics of living things? | They are made up of cells, sense and respond to change, reproduce, have DNA, use energy and grow/develop. |
| What is the difference between growth and development? | Growth involves a change in size, while development is a change in form. |
| What are the six elements that are key to life? | Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur. |
| What is the compound that makes up most cell membranes? | A phospholipid. |
| How do human cells differ from single-celled organisms? | Single-celled organisms use different parts of that cell to do different things, while multicellular organisms use specialized cells to do specific tasks. |
| What are the four basic needs of every organism? | Food, water, air, and a place to live. |
| What are the two things that food gives an organism? | Energy and raw materials needed for life processes. |
| What do organisms need in the place where they live? | Everything necessary to survive. |
| What are the five chemical building blocks of cells? | Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, ATP, and nucleic acids |
| Where can an organism get energy when it has used up most of its carbohydrates? | Lipids: fats or oils. |
| Why are nucleic acids called the blueprints of life? | They carry all the information needed for cells to carry proteins. |
| Air is a mixture of what two main gases? | Oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
| What is a chemical process in which most living things use oxygen? | Releasing energy from food. |
| What is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions? | An enzyme. |
Created by:
Maggie.D
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