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biology unit 2
bones/funtions/deffintions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| fassica | sheet of connective tissue beneath the skin. pathway for nerves and blood vessels |
| superficial fassica | adipose loose connective tissue. stores fat, insulates and protection |
| Deep fassica | dense irregular connective tissue and lines walls and secretes mucous |
| transverse tubules(T tubules) | allow electrical stimulus for contraction to quickly pass to inside the cell, causing to replace calcium. |
| thin myofilaments | mostly myosin,also regulatory proteins tropmyosin and troponion |
| thick myofilaments | has bulbus heads that form cross bridges with actin and for contraction |
| intermediate filaments | actin to dense bodies near the sacolemma similar to the z discs of skeletal muscle |
| describe the contraction of a smooth muscle cell | can stretch, and maintain its ability to contract |
| describe how smooth muscle is inverted | no neromuscular junctions, has diffuse junction, fibers have varicosites |
| sarcomers | functional unit skeletal muscle. composed of myobrils |
| elastic filament | mostly thin, anchors filaments to z discs and runs through the m line |
| what is a functional unit of skeletal muscle? | sacromere |
| motor unit | all myofibers that are stimulated |
| define all or not stimulated for a motor unit | all stimulated-contraction all not stimulated-relaxed |
| thick filaments | longer than in skeletal muscle with myosin heads along entrie length |
| think filaments | fewer than skeletal muscle |
| muscle tone | never totally relaxed |
| endurance exercise | lower weight, more reps.converts fast whil fibers to fast red fibers |
| strength exercise | weight lifting, fast glycolvic fibers to hypotropy |
| what are peristalsis? and the functions it provides? | involuntary constriction and relation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal. creating wave like movements of materials |
| sarcolemma | plasma membrane of an indiviusals plasma cell |
| terminal cisterae | store calcium and release calcium to sarcoplasm for contraction |
| burase | a sacklike structure between adjacent structures |
| sheath | a bursa wrapped around a structure |
| meniscus | subdivided synovial cavity |
| fatty pads | between the fibrous capsule and plasma membrane of the bone |
| ball and socket joint | rounded head fits into the cup and is freely movable. tri axial movement |
| what germ layer do joints develop from? | mesoderm |
| excitability | response to stimuli neural and hormonal |
| plane joints | flat surfaces, any gliding movements |
| hing joints | flexsion or extension |
| pivot joints | ball or point in a sleeve allows rotation |
| spongy bone | composed of parallel lamellae, thin plate of bone with large spaces, red marrow |
| compact bone | few spaces-layer over spongy bone. thick in diaphysis the epiphysis and protection and support |
| what are the 6 functions of bones | support, protection, movement, blood cell protection and storage of energy |
| what is a diploid? | a spongy bone structure(tissue) of the internal part of a irregular bone |
| contractiblity | shorten and thicker |
| extensibility | stretching does not damage tissues |
| elasticbility | return to its normal state after contraction or extension |
| condyloid joints | permits all angular movements |
| saddle joints | articular surfaces are both concave and convex- allows more movements |
| elevation | opening jaw |
| depression | opening mouth |
| opposition | allow grasping and manipulation of the environment |
| inversion | foot pointed inward |
| eversion | foot pointed outward |
| protraction | moving mandible out |
| retraction | moving mandible in |
| symphysis | broad flat disc of cartilage between bone. slightly moveable |
| synovial joints | freely movable, movement limited by bone structure, tension of connecting ligaments and soft body parts |
| grmphoses | peg in socket |
| cartilaginous joints | no synovial cavity, cartilage binds, little or no movement |
| synchondrosis | hayline cartilage. between diaphysis and epitphysis or 1st ribs and sterunm |
| diarthroses | freely movable |
| amphiarthroses | slightly movable |
| synarthroses | not movable |
| C2 | fuses the atlas to the body |
| dense of axis | join the main body of the vertebraes to the neck |
| lacunae | osteocytes within (support function) |
| perforating canals | allows nerves and blood vessels to enter |
| interstitial lamellae | not connecting to any canals |
Created by:
rudyv
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