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Biology 1
Unit 1 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| science | -a way of knowing things (a method) -a body of knowledge -based on observations, evidence, experimentation, theories, sharing results with other scientists |
| observation | things you directly use your senses for (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell |
| inference | based on observations, you formulate a prediction or come to a conclusion using your brain |
| problem | a question you want answered that ends with a ? |
| hypothesis | -if...then... statement -educated guess as to the answer to your problem |
| conclusion | was your hypothesis right? |
| research plan | -find background info -develop hypothesis -design experiment -funding? |
| independent variable | changed variable, plotted on X-axis |
| dependent variable | observed variable that changes in response to independent variable |
| control group | exposed to same conditions as experimental group except for only one idependent variable |
| sample size | how many subjects will be tested |
| compound light microscope | -2 lenses -light passes through specimen -magnification=objective lens power X ocular (eyepiece) power -resolution: the capacity of a microscope to show two points that are cose together as two separate points |
| dissecting microscope | -aka binocular microscope -low magnifying power -3d image -used for relatively large opaque specimen |
| phase contrast microscope | -unstained living cells -makes structures not normally seen with other microscopes visible by varying light wavelengths |
| electron microscope | -best magnification of any other microscopes: 400,000 X -only dead specimen can be viewed -specimen coated with metal, electrons bounce off surface -viewed on monitor |
| microdissection instruments | -used with microscopes -can remove/transfer large cell organelles (ex. nucleus) |
| centrifuge/ultracentrifuge | -separates by density -can separate cell contents into layers of different densities -must balance tubes inside to avoid breakage |
| staining | -makes cell structures visible -methylene blue and iodine both make nucleus more visible -iodine also hilights starch grains in plants, and makes cell walls more visible |
| computers | -plot data (when connected to probes), store information, and make graphs -analytical tools -huge part of Human Genome Project |
| chromatography | separates different substances based on differences in absorption on a solid substance (like chromatography paper) |
| electrophoresis | -separates substances in an electric field based on their charge and size -protein gel/DNA electrophoresis |
| spectrophotometry | we can make inferences as to the makeup of a substance by analyzing what light wavelengths it absorbs |
| regulation | -control and coordination of life activities -in higher organisms, this is accomplished by the nervous and endocrine systems |
| nutrition | -provides an organism with all of the substances necessary for the growth and repair of its own tissues -includes ingestion, digestion, and egestion |
| transport | the absorption of materials through cell membranes and the circulation of distribution of materials to all the cells in an organism |
| respiration | -the chemical activities which releases energy from organic molecules for use by cells -usually glucose to ATP -ATP is adenosine triphosphate and powers cell activities |
| synthesis | the building of new larger molecules from smaller ones |
| growth | -an increase in size caused by an increase in cell size and number -often accompanied by development (when an organism changes as it grows) |
| excretion | the process involved with the removal of cellular waste products from the organism |
| cellular waste products | carbon dioxide, water, salts, nitrogen containing compounds, urea |
| reproduction | -results in the production of new organisms -can be sexual or asexual -this is the only life function NOT REQUIRED by an individual organism to carry out, but necessary for the species to survive |
| metabolism | NOT A LIFE FUNCTION, all chemical activities necessary to sustain life |
| homeostasis | NOT A LIFE FUNCTION, the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes in conditions |
| cell theory | -every organism is made of cells -the cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all living things -ALL cells come from preexisting cells |
| Robert Hooke | -made crude compound microscope -studied cork -named the cell |
| cells | the structure and function of life |
| virus | -not a living thing, but contain DNA or RNA and have a protein coat -inside a host will reproduce like CRAZY -outside a host, they show no signs of life |
| cell membrane | semipermeable, regulates the cell makeup by regulating the passage of materials |
| fluid mosaic model | CELL MEMBRANE, large transport proteins float in a lipid bilayer, the lipids can actually float back and forth (hence the cell theory) |
| diffusion | (aka passive transport) the movement of materials from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW |
| active transport | materials move from LOW to HIGH concentration, requiring energy (ATP) |
| osmosis | diffusion of h2o across the membrane |
| hypertonic | has more solute (stuff dissolved in the solution) |
| hypotonic | has less solution in it |
| isotonic | has the same relative amounts of solute |
Created by:
mgorcz
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