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Nursing Research
Chpt 5 (Brown) Descriptive/Quantitative Research
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Quantitative Research | -detailed descriptions of the features of phenomena by obtaining data-categorical or numerical. -non experimental or observational designs |
| Study Variables | the features, characteristics or properties of persons experiences, situations or things that are studied. Eg: anxiety level, BP, gender, wt, infection, pressure ulcers rate, length of breast feeding, attitudes toward birth control, family unity. |
| Measurement of Variables | -are categorized, counted or measured -whether the variable is present -at what level it is present -features of variable that are present -the strength of features -measured with tools or instruments eg rating scales, questionnaires. |
| Good Data | -when the measurement of variables is consistent & true -Consistent-measurement methods obtains values that are very close to actual values across time, persons & settings |
| Reliability | when a measurement method consistently captures the actual value or close to it. Researchers has to ensure that all data collection are done in the same way. |
| Validity | -it is true or valid measure if there is data supporting that it is accurately captures the concepts it claims to represent. -Obtaining valid msmnts of psychological states is more difficult than physiological states |
| Psychosocial Variables | -exist in minds, emotions, perceptions, experiences,& behaviors of a person. -subjective & intangible |
| Extraneous Variables | -other variables may have influence in the situation but are not of interest in the particular study and which can lead to wrong conclusions. |
| p-value | the data-based probability that the obtained result is just the result of chance variation. It is compared to the level of significance decision point to reach a conclusion abt whether the relationship/difference found is statistically significant. |
| Chance Variation | the vairability in smple averages that is espected whenever one measures a trait, behavior, physiological state, or outcome in 2 or more samples from the same population. |
| t-test | used method to evaluate the differences in means between two groups. |
| p-level | the prespecified decision point for the level of significance; data based p-values above this level are considered statically not significant. -The p-level reported with a t-test represents the probability of error involved in accepting our research hyp |
| Data-based p-value | the probability that the difference found is a chance variation, not a true difference |
| Hawthorne effect | a change in participant's responses or behaviors because they are aware they are in the study. |
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