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Weber-HA-Module 4-5
Health Assessment Thorax and Abdomen
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Eupnea | normal unimpaired respirations |
| Dyspnea | labored or difficulty breathing |
| Orthopnea | is shortness of breath (dyspnea) which occurs when lying flat, causing the person to have to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair. It's the opposite of platypnea, and is usually a later manifestation of heart failure. |
| Apnea | no respirations |
| Sleep Apnea | No respirations or stops in respiration during sleep |
| Tachypnea | means rapid breathing. Any rate between 12-20 breaths per minute is normal. Tachypnea is a respiration rate greater than 20 breaths per minute |
| Bradypnea | May be normal in well-conditioned athletes. Can occur with medication induced depression of respiratory center, diabetic coma, neurological damage. Refers to an abnormally slow breathing rate |
| Hypoxia | is a pathological condition in which the body as a whole (generalized hypoxia) or a region of the body (tissue hypoxia) is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. |
| Hypercapnia | also known as hypercarbia, is a condition where there is too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. Carbon dioxide is a gaseous product of the body's metabolism and is normally expelled through the lungs. |
| Hypoxemia | is generally defined as decreased partial pressure of oxygen in blood, sometimes specifically as less than 60 mmHg (8.0 kPa) or causing hemoglobin oxygen saturation of less than 90% |
| Hyperventilation | is the state of increased respiratory rate in a person, being inappropriately high in regard to the respiratory drive from carbon dioxide, or causing inappropriate decrease of it (Fast and Deep) |
| Hypoventilation | occurs when ventilation is inadequate (hypo means "below") to perform needed gas exchange. By definition it causes an increased concentration of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) and respiratory acidosis |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | abnormal progressively deeper & sometimes faster breathing, followed by a grad decrease results & apnea, & repeats. An oscillation of ventilation between apnea & hyperpnea w/ a crescendo-diminuendo pattern associated w/ change in serum PPO2 and CO2 |
| Biott's Respirations | breathing pattern marked by several short breaths followed by long irregular periods of apnea; may be seen with IICP or head trauma |
| Paroxayml Nocturnal Dyspnea | severe shortness of breath that wakes you up and may indicate a heart problem |
| Kyphosis | Hunch Back |
| Scoliosis | Sway back |
| Pectus Excavatum | funnel chest with depressed sternum and narrow anterioposterior diameter |
| Pectus Carinatum | pidgeon chest with elevated sternum and narrow transverse diameter |
| Promotes the strongest stimulus to breath sounds | increased carbon dioxide in the blood |
| Crepitus | crackling sensation |
| Plural Friction Rub | Low-pitch, dry, grating sounds |
| Wheeze (sibilant) | High-pitch musical sound |
| Wheeze (sonorous) | Low-pitch snoring or moaning sounds |
| Crackles (fine) | High-pitched, short, popping sounds |
| Crackles (coarse) | Low-pitch, bubbling, moist sounds |
| While assessing an adult client, the client states she "has had difficulty catching her breath since yesterday." The nurse should assess for further signs and symptoms of | Infection |
| Adult client complains he has been "spitting up rust-colored sputum." | Tuberculosis |
| The nurse is addressing a group of high school students on lung cancer. She should inform them | that studies indicate a genetic component in the development of lung cancer |
| To percuss the chest of a adult male for diaphragmatic excursion begin by | asking him to exhale forcefully and hold his breath |
| Diaphragmatic excursion | Normal diaphragmatic excursion should be 3–5 cm, but can be increased in well-conditioned persons to 7–8 cm. This measures the contraction of the diaphragm. |
| The nurse is preparing to auscultate the posterior thorax of an adult female client. The nurse should | ask the client to breath deeply through her mouth |
| While assessing the thoracic area the nurse plans to auscultate for voice sounds, he should ask the client to | repeat the phrase 99 |
| When assessing the clients breathing pattern you notice his breathing pattern is very labored and noisy, with occasional coughing indicating possible | chronic bronchitis |
| While assessing an adult client's lungs you detect coarse crackles indicating possible | pneumonia |
| While assessing an adult client's breath sounds you hear sonorous wheezes, primarily during exhalation | bronchitis |
| An adult exhibits Kussmaul's respiration's with hypoventilation indicating possibly | diabetic ketoacidosis |
| Bronchophony | is the abnormal transmission of sounds from the lungs or bronchi. Bronchophony is a type of pectoriloquy. |
| Egophony | is an increased resonance of voice sounds heard when auscultating the lungs, caused by lung consolidation and fibrosis. Transmission of high-freq. noise across fluid, with lower freq. filtered out, results in a high-pitched nasal quality in the voice |
| To check for Egophony | Ask the client to repeat the letter "E" when auscultating |
| Pectorlioquy | refers to phenomenon occurring when auscultating the lungs, where the resonance is increased |
| Ratio of anteroposterior diameter to transverse diameter | 1:2 |
| The lining of the trachea and bronchi, which serves to remove dust, foreign bodies, and bacteria, is termed the | cilia |
| The apex of the lung is located at the | area slightly above the clavical |
| The spinous process termed the vertebra prominens is in which cervical vertebra? | Seventh |
| A bony ridge located at the point where the manubrium articulates with the body of the sternum is stermed the sternal | angle |
| The clavicles extend from the acromion of the scapula to the part of the sternum termed the | manubrium |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea |
| Biot's respiration | sometimes also called ataxic respiration, is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by regular or irregular periods of apnea |
Created by:
rjjaramillo
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