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Biology- chapter 3
Cells
| What are the characteristics of cells? | - Microscopic -all cells are covered by membrane(boundary of cells) -all cells are filled with cytoplasm(sticky fluid) |
| What are cells? | - basic unit of life |
| How did Virchow contribute to Science? | - concluded that all cells come from other cells |
| How did Hooke contribute to science? | - first to ever identify cells, studied a piece of cork and named them off of that |
| How did Schwann contribute to science? | -Studied animals and concluded that all living things are made of cells |
| How did Schleiden contribute to science? | - first to ever note that plants are made of cells too |
| How did Leeuwenhoek contribute to science? | - created lenses that were better for studying cells, improved cell lenses |
| What are the 3 principles of the cell theory? | 1)All organisms are made up off cells 2)All existing cells are produced by other living cells 3)Cell is the most basic unit of life |
| What is the membrane and cytoplasm? | membrane- boundary of cell cytoplasm- sticky fluid where all cell activity occurs |
| What are the 2 types of cells? | Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic |
| What are Prokaryotic cells? | Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles. Even though they have no nucleus, they hold thEIR DNA in their cytoplasm and therefore are able to reproduce. |
| What are Eukaryotic cells? | They have Nucleus , Membrane, cytoplasm and all of that good stuff. |
| What do Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have in common? | They both have Membrane and cytoplasm. |
| What are the cells 3 main regions of cells? | 1. Nucleus 2. Cytoplasm 3. Plasma Membrane |
| What does the cytoskeleton help cells with? | 1. Supports the shapes of cells 2. Provides strength 3. helps in cell movement 4. supports organelles 5. Helps in cell division |
| Whats the nucleus's function? | 1. Stores DNA |
| what IS THE NUCLEUS envelope? | Double membrane, Contains nucleus pores allowing exchange of materials with the rest of the cell |
| Cell membrane? | Double phosophilipid ,has a hydropholic head and tail, contains protien, cholesterol, glycoprotien |
| what is chromatin? | DNA and protien ccell, its there when the cell is not dividing, the are scattered throughout the nucleus, when the have divided they form CHROMOSONES |
| whats a NUCLEOLI? | semi- periable |
| What migrates into cytoplasm through nuclear pores? | RIBOSOMES |
| ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM? - SMOOTH -ROUGH | SMOOTH:FUNCTIONS IN LIPIDS, WORKS IN METOBOLISM, NO RIBOSOMES, REMOVES PESTACIDEDS AND DRUGS ROUGH:PROTIENS |
| RIBOSOMES? | LINK AMINO ACIDS TO FORM PROTIENS |
| GOLGI APPARATUS? | 1. MODIFIES AND PACKAGES PROTIEN |
| VESICLES? | MEMBRANE BOUND SACS THAT HOLD MATERIALS TEMPORARILY |
| LYSOSOMES? | ATTACH TO UNWANTED MATERIALS AND BLOW UP |
| Mitochondria? | SUPPLY ATP(ATP:HIGHEST FORM OF ENERGY)FOR CELLS CONTINUOUSLY CHANGES SHAPE, "Powerhouse" of cell |
| VACUOLES? | FLUID FILLED SACS THAT HOLD MATERIALS FOR CELLS |
| CENTRIOLES? | HELPS DIVIDE DNA DURING CELL DIVISION, TUBE LIKE, FORM CILIA AND FLAGELLA |
| CELL MEMBRANE? | SEPARATES CELL FORM EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT |
| WHAT IS THE CELL MEMBRANE MADE OF? | PHOSPHOLIPIDS |
| MOLECULES IN MEMBRANE INCLUDE? | 1.PROTEIN 2. CHOLESTEROL 3.CARBOHYDRATE CHAIN |
| WHY IS THE CELL MEMBRANE PERMEABLE? | VERY PICKY ONLY LETS SOME THINGS CROSS WHILE OTHERS CANNOT |
| HOW ARE CHEMICAL SIGNALS SENT THROUGH THE CELL MEMBRANE? | RECEPTORS ARE PROTEINS THAT DETECT A SIGNAL MOLECULE |
| WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF RECEPTORS? | 1. INRACELLULAR RECEPTORS THAT ARE FOUND INSIDE A CELL 2. MEMBRANE RECEPTORS THAT ARE FOUND ALONG THE MEMBRANE(SECURITY GUARD OF THE CELL) |
| WHAT IS ACTIVE TRANSPORT? | REQUIRES ENERGY, DOESNT LET THE CELL MOVE A SUBSTANCE AGAINST ITS CONCENTRATION GRADIENT |
| WHY DO CELLS USE ACTIVE TRANSPORT FOR? | MAINTAINING HOMOSTASIS |
| ENDOCYTOSIS IS? | PROCESS OF TAKING IN MATERIALS |
| EXOCYTOSIS IS? | PROCESS OF EXPELLING MATERIALS FROM CELL |
| WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PROTEIN PUMPS AND PROTEIN CHANNELS? | PROTEIN CHANNELS)NED ENERGY PROTEIN PUMPS)NO ENERGY IS NEEDED |
| WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CONCENTRATION LEVELS? | 1)DOWN CONCENTRATION GRADIENT 2)AGAINST CONCENTRATION GRADIENT)ENERGY IS INVOLVED |
| WHAT IS PASSIVE TRANSPORT? | DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY AND INPUS INTO A CELL |
| WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT ? | 1. DIFFUSION)MOVEMENT OF FLUID, GAS OR MOLECULES FROM HIGHER TO LOWER CONCENTRATION 2. OSMOSIS)DIFFUSION OF WATER MOLECULES ACROSS A SEMI PERIABLE MEMBRANE FROM HIGHER TO LOWER CONCENTRATION(ONLY WORKS ON WATER MOLECULES) |
| WHAT ARE THE 3 TYPES OF SOLUTIONS? | 1. ISOTONIC)SAME AMOUNT OF WATER ENTERS AND EXITS THE CELL 2. hYPERTONIC:MORE WATER EXITS THE CELL CAUSING IT TO SHRIVEL UP AND DIE 3. HYPOTONIC) MORE WATER ENTERS A CELL |
| WHATS FACILITATED DIFFUSION? | DIFFUSION OF MOLECULES ACROSS THE MEMBRANE THROUGH TRANSPORT PROTIEN |
Created by:
the97woman
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