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OwensIt'sAlive!
Chapter 2 vocab and difficult questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell | smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered and have DNA and cytoplasm |
| stimulus | anything that causes a reaction or change in an organism |
| homeostasis | the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment |
| sexual reproduction | reproduction in which the sex cells from two parents unite, producing offspring that share traits from both parents |
| asexual reproduction | does not involve the union of sex cells and when one parent produces offspring identical to itself |
| heredity | the passing of generic traits from one parent to another |
| metabolism | the sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism |
| producer | an organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings |
| consumer | an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter |
| decomposer | an organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and consuming or absorbing the nutrients |
| protein | a molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build up and repair body structures and regulate processes in the body |
| carbohydrate | class of energy-giving nutrients that include sugars, starches, and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| lipid | a type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water; fats and steroids |
| phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorous and that is a structural component in cell membranes |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that acts as the main energy source of cell processes |
| nucleic acid | molecule made up of subunits called nucleotides |
| Green plants, algae, and some bacteria require... | both oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| What are two things food gives organisms? | energy and raw materials |
| What are two ways that cells use nutrients from food? | replace cells and build body parts |
| nutrients are made up of... (1) | molecules |
| What are the five chemical building blocks of cells? | proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, ATP, nucleic acid |
| compounds made up of proteins | amino acids |
| proteins that speed up chemical reactions | enzymes |
| a protein found in red blood cells that attaches to oxygen | hemoglobin |
| a nutrient involved in almost all life processes | protein |
| how do cells use carbs? | source of energy and energy storage |
| molecules consisting of subunits called nucleotides are called...? | nucleic acids |
| why are nucleic acids called the blueprints of life? | they have all the information needed for a cell to make proteins |
| what does a cell contain? | all materials necessary for life |
| 3 examples of stimuli | light, chemicals, and gravity |
| 3 examples of activities carried out by all organisms | making food, breaking down food, building cells |
| 6 characteristics of living things | have DNA, have cells, sense and respond to change, reproduce, use energy, grow and develop |
Created by:
bjowens13
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