Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Lower GI
Adult 1 GI site Group 1Mr.Justice (wendy, tonya, tina, frances, tamara, anisssa)
| dFlap 1 | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chron's disease | chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract |
| Sphincter | a ring of muscle |
| Diverticula | abnormal side pockets in a hollow organ such as the large intestines |
| Constipation | difficult defecation with hard and dry fecal matter |
| Toxic Megacolon | dilation and paralysis of the colon, occurs in approximately 5% of patints with ulcerative colitis |
| What do Anticholinergics do r/t IBS | Inhibits action of acetylcholine on postganglionic, parasympathetic muscarinic receptors, decreasing GI motility. Also possesses local anesthetic properties that may be partly responsible for spasmolysis |
| What are the 9 segments of the lower GI | Cecum/appendix, ascending colon, hepatic flexuree, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum, anus |
| Tx of constipation | increase fluids/fiber, exercise, treat underlying cause |
| Medications for constipation | Bulk forming lax. (Metamucil, Fibercon); Stool softener (Colace) |
| Causes of diarrhea | infection, medication, diet, disease |
| Tx of diarrhea | dependent on underlying cause; maintain hydration, monitor labs, provide meticulous skin care BSC for debilitate pts. |
| Meds for diarrhea | Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto), Diphenoxylate HCL & Atropine sulfate (Lomotil) |
| Appendicitis | Inflammation of th vermiform appendix |
| Cause of appendicitis | unsure; obstruction from feces, tumors, foreign bodies, lead to infection, increase pressure leads to hypoxia, eventually gangrene |
| S/S of appendicitis | Abd pain, rebound tenderness, vague to specific, fever may or may not be present, /D or constipation, N/V |
| Dx of appendicitis | Abd US, CT scan, Lab work - WBC's usually elevated; Urinalysis to r/o urinary issues |
| Nursing considerations of appendicitis | Keep pt NPO, pain med is ok by MD, reposition for comfort, prepare pt. for surgery, be sure consents are signed |
| Post-op appendicitis | teach pt to splint abd when coughing/deep breath, change drsg as ordered, monitor for s/s of infection |
| Diverticula | sac like outpouchings of the colon's mucosa |
| Diverticulosis | Asymptomatic disease |
| Diverticulitis | acute inflammation |
| Causes of diverticulitis | increased risk from low residue, highly refined diet; reduced fecal bulk reduces lumen of colon - this can lead to increased pressure |
| S/S of diverticulitis | vague, may have cramping pain, /D, constipation, distention or flatulence may occur after eating |
| If diverticula become inflamed or abcessed | fever, leukocytosis, pain/tenderness |
| Complications of diverticulitis | Perforation, Peritonitis, Hemorrhage, Bowel obstruction, Fistula formation |
| Dx of diverticulitis | Sigmoidoscopy, Colonscopy, Barium enema can be administered - but not preferred |
| Tx of diverticulitis | Increase dietary fiber, Avoid seeds, peels, nuts; encourage fluid intake to decrease stool hardness, realize that surgery may be necessary eventually |
| Chron's Disease | Results in inflammation of segments of the GI tract; involves all layers of the intestinal wall; creates fissures with edema; coblestone appearance |
| Skip lesions | affects alternate sides of colon in Chron's disease; |
| S/S of Chron's disease | Minimal specific s/s; IBS for many years; Non-bloody diarrhea, Wt. loss; Abd pain; Involvement of ileum (pernicious anemia) |
| Dx of Chron's disease | Hx, Sigmoidoscopy/Colonscopy; Barium enema; Stool culture - to r/o infection |
| Tx of Chron's disease | Dependent on severity; Sulfa&ASA, Steroids, Flagyl for infection |
| Ulcerative Colitis | Eroded & patchy looking; causes destruction of mucosa with pain & bleeding; /D with blood & purulent mucous; loss of absorptive surface leads to a large volume of watery diarrhea |
| S/S of ulcerative colitis | Intermittent periods of exacerbation & remission; |
| S/S of severre ulcerative colitis | Fever; 10-20 diarrhea stools/day; Bloody stools; Cramping; Wt. Loss; Anemia |
| Complications of ulcerative colitits | Anal fissures, hemorrhoids, perirectal abcess, hemorrhage (rare), obstruction of colon |
| Tx of Ulcerative colitis | Very similar to Chron's, possible TPN for malnourish pts, IVF, surgical resection if meds ineffective |
| IBS | Functional problem with bowel, does not cause structural changes, does not predispose to CA, Symptoms usually mild |
| Causes of IBS | Unknown, possibly r/t neural control changes, hormones, foods, stress, infection |
| S/S of IBS | Gas, bloating, diarrhea, abd cramping |
| Dx of IBS | Hx, Sigmoidoscopy/Colonscopy to r/o polyps/tumor/lesions; lactose intolerance testing, Celiac disease testing |
| Meds for IBS | Lotronex - relaxes the colon; Zelnorm - only effective for women, used in constipated form of IBS |
| When should people have a colonscopy | over the age of 50 |
| S/S of colon and rectal CA | may imitatet othe types of bowel disorders |
| Dx of colon and rectal CA | stool for occult blood (no red meat or NSAIDS before test); colonscopy; Hx; Labs - CBC, CEA, Liver fnct test; CT of abd |
| Tx of colon and rectal CA | Surgical excision, Ostomy, Chemotherapy/Radiation |
| Anal abcess | pus filled cavity within the anus; obstruction of the anal glands; abcess drained surgically; may require a drain; usually will form a fistula after draining |
| Anal fistula | can occur between anus and vaginal wall; can be caused by TB, CA or inflammatory bowel disease; fistulectomy usual tx; recurrance occurs freq; may lead to inconttinence in high; make sure BM is coming from colon not vagina |
| Anal Fissure | A tear in the tissue; usually occurs from passing large hard stool; acute types heal spontaneously; chronic may need surgery; Teach dietay changes & /or stool softners |
| Dx of Celiac disease | Stool content analysis or Bx |
| Tx of Celiac disease | Gluten free diet; Lactose free diet |
Created by:
okrecota
Popular Nursing sets