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Anatomy
Chapters 4 & 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 4 primary tissue types are? | 1. epithelial 2. connective 3. muscle 4. neural |
| Epithelial tissues cover and line surfaces of the body, and line internal___ and ___ | passageways and chambers |
| Epithelium is ___. It lacks ___ so much obtain nutrients from other tissues or exposed surfaces. | Avascular |
| Epithelium is always attached to the next layer, usually ____, by a ___ | Lamina propria and basement membrane |
| Epithelium has a higher rate of cell division than other tissues. Cells that are damaged or lost at the free surface are continuously replaced through the ___. | division of stem cells |
| Epithelial tissues exhibit ____, which means there are structural and functional differences between the two surfaces of the tissue | Polarity |
| 4 functions of epithelial tissues: | 1. physical protections from abrasion,dehydration & exposure to chemicals 2. controls permeability 3. provides sensation 4. produces specialized secretions |
| To increase surface area; found on cells which are specialized for absorption of molecules across a membrane. Example: small intestine | Microvilli |
| Movement of substance across the cell surface; found in the respiratory tract (mucous escalator),and in male and female reproductive tracts | Cilia |
| Specialized extensions found in the inner ear that respond to movement and allow us to perceive infromation as sound or help us to maintain an awareness of our body position relative to our surrounding(equilibrium) | Sterocilia |
| are trans-membrane proteins taht bind to each other and interconnect the membranes of adjacent cells. they also connect cells to the basement membrane | Cell Adhesion Molecules |
| A thin sheet of fibers that underlies epithelium, separating it from the deeper connective tissue. | Basement membrane |
| The basement membrane is composed of? | Basal lamina and reticular lamina |
| 1. Basal lamina (made of 2 acellular layers) -layer closest to epithelia. Produced by epithelial cells, this layer prevents the movement of proteins and other large molecules from connective tissue into epithelia | Lamina lucida(clear layer) |
| 1.Basal lamina(2 acellular layers) -Layer closest to connective tissue. Produced by conncective tissue, this collagen-rich layer gives the basement memebran its strength. | Lamina densa(dense layer) |
| Epithelial tissues are classified by looking at two things, ___ and ___ | number of layers and the cell shape |
| Classification of Epithelium 1. Cell layers - one layer of cells, each attached to the basement membrane(BM) | Simple |
| Classifications of Epithelium 1.Cell layers - two or more layers of cells, only bottom layer attached to BM | Stratified |
| Classification of Epithelium 2. Cell Shapes -Cells thin, flat and scale-like | Squamous |
| Classification of Epithelium 2.Cell shapes -cells roughly square, with a large, central nucleus | Cuboidal |
| Classification of Epithelium 2. Cell Shapes - cells tall and slender | Columnar |
| Are made up of lipid bi-layers with associated proteins and glycans(sugars) | Cell Membranes |
| The 4 major membranse being discussed here are___ and ___ and ___. | Physical barriers cover body cavities surfaces |
| These membranes are composed of an ___ and, in most cases, an underlying ____ | epithelium connective tissue |
| Mucous Serous Cutaneous Syovial | 4 Membranes |
| Lines cavities that are open to the external enviroment. These include teh mouth, respiratory tract, digestive tract, and urinary tract. | Mucous Membranes |
| Line the sealed internal spaces of the ventral body cavity. These are double membranesand include a visceral layer taht lies against the surface of the organ and a parietal layer that defines the outer wall of the cavity. | Serous Membranes |
| These membranes remain moist with a thick serous fluid derived from blood serum and function to reduce friction between soft organ and the walls of the cavity. | Serous Membranes |
| 3 serous membrans include | Plurae Pericardium Peritoneum |
| Term of each inflammation of the serous membranes: | Pleuritis Pericarditis Peritonitis |
| This is the skin, which is the epidermis and dermis | Cutaneous Membrane |
| Line moveable joint. they act to seal the joint to prevent debris from interfering with join movement and causing friction. they also secrete a synovial fluid that lubricates the joint to reduce friction. | Synovial Membrane |
| Location: body cavities, alveoli, blood vessels Function: reduction of friction, permeability, exchange of gases Special types: Mesothelium- lindes body cavities(serous membranes Endothelium- Lines heart and blood vessels | Simple Squamous Epithelium |
| Location: surface of skin, lines mouth, rectum, vagina, urethra Function: protection | Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
| Location: Most glands, kidney tubules Function: secretion | Simple Cuboidal Eptithelium |
| Location: lines most of the digestive tract Function:absorption | Simple Columnar Eptithelium |
| Location: Nasal passageway, trachea, bronchi Function: secretion, transport of mucus, protection | Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium |
| Location: Urinary bladder, renal pelvis, ureters Function: Permits expansion and recoil after stretching | Transitional Epithelium |
| Glands derived from epithelial tissue that have ducts that lead to epithlial surface. | Exocrine glands |
| Ductless glands that release secretions (hormones) into the blood stream. | Endocrine glands |
| Pancreas is a double or mixed gland? | Mixed gland |
Created by:
cleal608
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