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Chapter2 study guide
MICK-Living Things and The Necessities of Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a cell? | the smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm. |
| What is a stimulus? | anything that causes a reaction or change in an organism or any part of an organism. |
| What is homeostasis? | the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment. |
| What is sexual reproduction? | reproduction in which the sex cells from two parents unite, producing offspring that share traits from both parents. |
| What is asexual reproduction? | reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells and in which one parent produces offspring identical to itself . |
| What is heredity? | the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring. |
| What is metabolism? | the sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism. |
| What is a producer? | an organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings. |
| What is a consumer? | an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter. |
| What is a decomposer? | an organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and consuming or absorbing the nutrients. |
| What is a protein? | a molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body. |
| What is a carbohydrate? | a class of energy-giving nutrients that includes sugars, starches, and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| What is a lipid? | a type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water and that stores energy; some even form the membranes of cells.1 |
| What is a phospholipid? | a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes. |
| What is adenosine triphosphate(ATP)? | a molecule that acts as the main evergy source for cell processes; it is the major energy-carrying molecule in the cell. |
| What is a nucleic acid? | a molecule made up of subunits called nucleotides |
| What is the smallest unit of life? | a cell |
| What percentage of your body is water? | 70% |
| Most chemical reactions involved in metabolism require__________. | water |
| What is a chemical process in which most living things use oxygen/ | releasing energy from food |
| What are two things food gives organisms? | energy and raw materials needed to carry on life processes |
| Nutrients are made up of_____, a substance created when two or more atoms combine. | molecules |
| Molecules made of different kinds of atoms are called____. | compounds |
| Name the five building blocks of cells. | proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, ATP, and nucleic acids |
| What are some examples of stimuli? | chemicals, gravity, light, sounds, and hunger |
| How do some animals control their body temperatures? | they control their temperatures by moving from one environment to another |
| What does DNA do? | it controls the structure and function of cells |
| What do organisms pass on to their offspring? | copies of their DNA |
| What are some examples of activities of life carried out by all organisms? | breaking down food, building cells, and making food |
| How does a single-celled organism grow? | the cell gets larger and divides, making other organisms. |
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hmick
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