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Moylan It's Alive Ch
It's Alive or Is It? Chapter HACKER/MOYLAN
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the four basic needs of every organism? | water, air, food, and a place to live |
| Cells of most living things are made of approximately _% water. | 70% |
| Most of the chemical reactions involved in metabolism require.. | water |
| Air is a mixture of gases, including oxygen and.. | carbon dioxide |
| What is a chemical process in which most living things use oxygen? | releasing energy from food |
| Green plants, algae, and some bacteria need carbon dioxide gas in addition to... | oxygen |
| Green organisms convert the energy in sunlight to energy stored in food during... | photosynthesis |
| What do organisms need in the place where they live? | all of the things they need to survive |
| How does the limited amount of space on Earth affect organisms? | they have to compete for space |
| What are two things food gives organisms? | energy and raw materials |
| What are two ways organisms use nutrients from food? | to replace cells and build body parts |
| Eats other living organisms or organic matter | consumer |
| A mushroom is an example of a... | decomposer |
| A frog is an example of a... | consumer |
| Uses energy from the sun or the chemicals in the environment to make food | producer |
| A plant is an example of a... | producer |
| Gets energy by breaking down nutrients in dead organisms or animal wastes | decomposer |
| What do all organisms do to food in order to use the nutrients in it? | break down their food |
| Nutrients are made up of _____, a substance created when two or more atoms combine. | molecules |
| Molecules made of different kinds of atoms are called ______ | compounds |
| Name the five chemical building blocks of cells. | proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, ATP, and nucleic acids |
| What are compounds that make up proteins? | amino acids |
| What are proteins that speed up chemical reactions? | enzymes |
| A protein found in red blood cells that attaches to oxygen is a _______ | hemoglobin |
| A nutrient involved in almost all life processes is called a _______ | protein |
| Energy-giving nutrients such as sugars, starches, and fiber are called _____________ | carbohydrates |
| How do cells use carbohydrates? | as a source of energy and for energy storage |
| Carbohydrates made of one sugar molecule or a few linked sugar molecules are called ______ ____________ | simple carbohydrates |
| What are two examples of simple carbohydrates? | sugar in fruits and table sugar |
| A carbohydrate made of hundreds of molecules linked together is called a __________ ____________ | complex carbohydrate |
| In terms of carbohydrates, what are you eating when you eat mashed potatoes? | a potato plant's stored starch |
| What is one NOT true fact about lipids? | lipids can mix with water |
| The molecules that form much of the cell membrane are ______________ | phospholipids |
| Where can an organism get energy once it has used up most of its carbohydrates? | lipids |
| What is a difference between fats and oils? | fats are solid at room temperature and oils are liquids at room temperature |
| Most of the lipids stored in animals are _______ | fats |
| Most of the lipids stored in plants are ________ | oils |
| The major energy-carrying molecule in the cell is ______ | ATP |
| How do cells get energy from carbohydrates and lipids? | the energy is transferred to ATP which provides fuel for cellular activities |
| Molecules consisting of subunits called nucleotides are called _____ ____ | nucleic acid |
| Why are nucleic acids called blueprints of life? | they have all information needed for a cell to make proteins |
| What is an organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings called? | producer |
| What is an organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and consuming or absorbing nutrients called? | decomposer |
| What is an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter called? | consumer |
| What is a molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body? | protein |
| What is a class of energy-giving nutrients that includes sugars, starches, and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen? | carbohydrate |
| What is a type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water; fats and steroids are examples of this? | lipid |
| What is a lipid that contains phosphorous and that is a structural component in cell membranes? | phospholipid |
| What does ATP stand for? | adenosine triphoshate |
| What is a molecule that acts as the main energy source for all cell processes? | ATP |
| What is a molecule made up of subunits called nucleotides? | nucleic acid |
| What are the 6 elements key to life? | carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur |
| What are used to provide cell structure and components of enzymes? | proteins |
| What is made up carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen? | carbohydrates |
| What are used as foundations of membranes? | lipids |
| This is the combination of lipids and phosphorous? | phospholipids |
| What part of phospholipids is attracted to water? | the phosphorous portion |
| What part of phospholipids is not attracted to water? | the tail/lipid portion |
| What makes a great cell membrane? | phospholipids |
| Sunlight can be an example of a... | stimulus |
| Living things are made of ______ | cells |
| Homeostasis means maintaining... | stable internal conditions |
| What is the type of reproduction when one parent produces offspring identical to itself? | asexual |
| What is the type of reproduction when two parents unite, producing offspring that share traits from both parents? | sexual |
| What is the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring called? | heredity |
| What is the sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism called? | metabolism |
| What is anything that causes reaction or change in an organism or any part of an organism? | stimulus |
| What is the smallest unit that can perform all life processes; they are covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm? | cells |
| What are the characteristics of living things? | made up of cells, sense and respond to change, reproduce, have DNA, use energy, and grow and develop |
| Are our cells different from single-celled organisms? | yes |
| When the body takes in energy, it must be transformed to ___ in order for the cells to utilize it. | ATP |
| What is the cell's fuel? | ATP |
| What is usually made up of thousands of nucleotides? | nucleic acids |
| What does a nucleotide include? | sugar, phosphate, and a nitrpgenous base |
| The order of ________ determines which protein is made by the cell. | nucleotides |
| ______ involves change is size. | Growth |
| _______ involves a change in form. | Development |
| ___________ allows the passing of copies of DNA from one generation to another. | Reproduction |
| Offspring resemble their parents because of _______. | heredity |
| Starch is a _______ and is made up of sugars. | carbohydrate |
| Fat is a _____ that stores energy for an organism. | lipid |
| Organisms must have food because __________________ | food is a source of energy |
| Organisms store energy in | lipids |
| The molecule that contains the information about how to make proteins is _____. | DNA |
| The subunits of proteins are _____ ______. | amino acids |
| The subunits of nucleic acids are ______________. | nucleotides |
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mmoylan
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