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ICS exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ANA standards | quality of practice, education, professional practice evaluation, collegiality, collaboration, ethics, research, resource utilization, leadership also, the nursing process |
| autonomy | independent nursing intervention; also, commitment to include clients in decisions |
| accountability | you are responsibly professionally and legally for the type of nursing care you provide |
| nursing professionals serve as: | caregiver, advocate, educator, communicator, and manager |
| beneficience | taking positive actions to help others |
| nonmalefience | avoidance of harm and hurt |
| fidelity | agreement to keep promises |
| justice | being fair |
| professional nursing code of ethics | includes responsibility, accountability, and confidentiality |
| values clarification | question the moral/ethical correctness of a decision |
| values analysis | seeks to objectively understand and analyze the values inherent in a situation |
| ethics of care | emphasizes the importance of understanding relationships |
| how to process an ethical dilemma | ask if this is an ethical dilemma, gather all relevant info, clarify values, verbalize the problem, identify possible courses of action, negotiate a plan, evaluate the plan |
| when the nurse collects data about a client's past and present level of health, what phase is this? | the working phase |
| sources of data in a nursing assessment: | conducting a physical exam, reviewing results of lab or diagnostic tests, collecting nursing health history |
| identify four methods of data collection to establish a database: | interview, physical exam, diagnostic and lab test results, history |
| why is it important to explore the patient's lifestyle patterns? | determine risk factors, opportunity to educate |
| data validation | comparing assessed data with another source to establish accuracy is the process of |
| data clustering | grouping related data to form a picture of the client's health needs |
| normal nutrition | process in which body uses food for energy, growth, maintenance, and repair |
| BMR | -energy required for maintaining life sustaining functions -affected by fever, activity, age, infection, gender, body mass, starvation |
| carbohydrates | -primary source of energy -4 kcal per gram -complex=polysaccharides -chief protein sparing nutrient -47% daily caloric needs -grains, potatoes, legumes -starches and sugars |
| monosaccharides | glucose, fructose |
| disaccharides | sucrose, maltose, lactose, glucose, fructose |
| fats | -major source of energy -carriers of essential fat-soluble vitamins -9 kcal per gram -source of insulation -no more than 30% daily calories -slow digestion; makes you full |
| proteins | -complex nitrogenous organic compounds consisting of amino acids -essential proteins contain all essential amino acids -body can synthesize nonessential proteins -4 kcal per gram -15-20% total calories |
| protein function | -tissue growth, repair and maintenance, body regulatory functions, and energy production -blood clotting, fluid regulation, acid/base balance |
| vitamins | -organic compounds required in small amounts for normal metabolism -function primarily in enzyme reactions -essential to metabolism |
| water-soluble vitamins: | C and B-complex |
| fat-soluble vitamins: | A, D, E, K -obtained through dietary intake (except D; found in sun) |
| minerals | -necessary for building tissues -regulation of fluids -various body functions -4% of body weight -can be toxic in excess -catalysts for biochemical reactions |
| major minerals | calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, sulfur |
| fiber | -some products are not water-soluble and cannot be digested -prevents diarrhea |
| essential (complete) proteins | -containing all essential amino acids -supports growth, maintains nitrogen balance -fish, chicken, beans, turkey |
| macro minerals/ trace elements | when the daily requirement is 100 mg or more/ when the daily requirement is less than 100 mg |
| vegetarian | -may have vitamin or protein deficiencies -lacto-ovo at risk for iron deficiency |
| vegan | -may lack vitamin B12 -can develop megaloblastic anemia |
| dietary reference intakes | acceptable range of amounts of vitamins and minerals to avoid deficiencies |
| infancy | -rapid growth -high protein, vitamin, mineral, and energy requirements -full term can digest and absorb simple carbs, proteins, and fats (solids after 4 months) -exclusive breast feeding for 4 months; formula for 12 months |
| pregnant mothers need: | folate, calcium, zinc, protein, iron, extra 300 calories each day |
| toddlers | -may be picky eaters -fruits, vegetables, crackers, cereal -need many small meals/snacks -small pieces to avoid aspiration |
| teens | -rapid period of growth -need education about healthy eating and exercise |
| elderly | -less caloric requirements due to lower activity level -may have decreased appetite -may not cook for themselves |
| parenteral nutrition | -for clients who cannot digest or absorb enteral nutrition -peripheral or through central line -intravenously |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| intake and output | -intake in mL should equal output in mL -1 g of urine = 1 mL -in infants, weigh full diaper and subtract dry weight |
| imbalances | -retention of fluid could mean renal failure |
| carbs found in... | wheat, grains, potatoes, beans, rice, fruits, milk |
| fiber found in... | plant foods, fruits and veggies, whole grains, legumes |
| complete protein found in... | fish, chicken, soybeans, turkey, cheese |
| incomplete proteins found in... | cereals, legumes, vegetables |
| fats found in... | animal fats=saturated vegetable fats=unsaturated and polyunsaturated |
| pregnancy needs protein for... | buildup of muscles, tissues, uterus, breasts, blood supply |
| pregnancy needs folate for... | buildup of protein tissues |
| folate found in... | liver, leafy greens, grains, legumes |
| pregnancy needs calcium for... | strong bones |
| pregnancy needs zinc for... | quicker labor and healthy sized babies |
| zinc found in... | seafood, meat, yogurt, bran |
| pregnancy needs iron for... | developing blood supplies |
| iron found in... | red meat, supplements |
| vitamin C found in... | citrus fruits, veggies |
| vitamin B1 found in... | plant and animal tissue |
| vitamin B2 found in... | milk, meats, green leafy veggies |
| vitamin B3 found in... | liver, nuts, legumes |
| vitamin B5 found in... | organ meats, egg yolk, avocados, broccoli |
| vitamin B6 found in... | organ meats, grains |
| vitamin B12 found in... | organ meats, clams, oysters, grains |
| vitamin A found in... | orange/yellow food, liver, dairy |
| vitamin D found in... | fish, fortified dairy products, sunlight |
| vitamin E found in... | veggie oils, grains, nuts, dark green veggies |
| vitamin K found in... | green leafy veggies, eggs, liver |
| sodium found in... | table salt, processed foods, butter |
| potassium found in... | oranges, dried fruits, tomatoes, avocados, dried peas, meats, broccoli, bananas |
| chloride found in... | table salt |
| calcium found in... | dairy, broccoli, kale, grains, egg yolks |
| magnesium found in... | green leafy veggies, nuts, grains, meat, milk |
| phosphorous found in... | dairy, peas, soft drinks, meat, eggs, some grains |
| sulfur found in... | dried fruits, meats, red and white wines |
Created by:
tdombros
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