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Ecology A.N.
flashcards for chapters 3,4,5, and 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3-1:What is ecology? | Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment, or surroundings. |
| 3-1:What is the biosphere? | The biosphere contains the combined portions of the planet in which all of life exists, including land, water, and air,or atmosphere. It extends from about 8 kilometers above Earth's surface and 11 kilometers below the surface of the ocean. |
| 3-1:What are species? | A species is a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring. |
| 3-1:What are populations? | Populations are groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area. |
| 3-1:What is a community? | Communities are assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area. |
| 3-1:What is an ecosystem? | An ecosystem is a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment. |
| 3-1:What is a biome? | A biome is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities. |
| 3-2:What are autotrophs? | Organisms that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food are autotrophs. |
| 3-2:What are producers? | Producers are organisms that make their own food. |
| 3-2:What are heterotrophs? | Organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply are called heterotrophs. |
| 3-2:What is photosynthesis and chemosynthesis? | Photosynthesis: process where autotrophs harness solar energy Chemosynthesis: process where organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates |
| 3-2: What is a food web? | A food web links all the food chains in an ecosystem together. |
| 3-2:What is a trophic level? | Each step in a food chain or food web is called a trophic level. |
| 3-2:What is biomass? | The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called biomass. |
| 3-3:What is the biogeochemical cycle? | Elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another through biogeochemical cycles. |
| 3-3:What is a limiting nutrient? | When an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly, this substance is called a limiting nutrient. |
| 4-1:What is weather? | Weather is the day-to-day condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place. |
| 4-1:What is climate? | Climate refers to the average, year-after-year condition of temperature and precipitation in a particular region. |
| 4-1:What is the greenhouse effect? | The natural situation in which heat is retained by this layer of greenhouse gasses is called the greenhouse effect. |
| 4-2:What are biotic factors? | The biological influences on organisms within an ecosystem are called biotic factors. |
| 4-2:What are abiotic factors? | Physical, or nonliving, factors that shape ecosystems are called abiotic factors. |
| 4-2:What is a niche? | A niche is the full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions. |
| 5-1:What is logistic growth? | Logistic growth occurs when a population's growth slows or stops following a period of exponential growth. |
| 5-1:What is carrying capacity? | Carrying capacity is the largest number of individuals of a population that a given environment can support. |
| 5-3:What is demography? | Demography is the scientific study of human populations. |
| 5-3:What is demographic transition? | Demographic transition is the change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates. |
| 6-1:What is green revolution? | Green revolution is the development of highly productive crop strains and the use of modern agricultural techniques to increase yields of food crops. |
| 6-2:What are renewable resources? | Renewable resources are resources that can regenerate quickly and that are replaceable. |
| 6-2:What is a pollutant? | A pollutant is a harmful material that can enter the biosphere through the land, air, or water. |
| 6-3:What is biodiversity? | Biodiversity is the sum total of the vareity of organisms in the biosphere. |
| 6-3:What is biological magnification? | Biological magnification is the increasing concentration of a harmful substance in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain or food web. |
Created by:
audreynguyen
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